Earlier quoted context omitted.
A missile with a dummy warhead could easily bring it down without exploding. Just hit it where structural failure would result. What you'd want to look for is an appropriately sized hole, and residue from the missile's exhaust. The reason for the warhead is to improve the odds of the bringing down the airplane.
No it could not unless it impacted at exactly the wrong place. Downing planes with missiles is hard: much of a plane can survive having a hole in it, while there are a few critical sections. A AIM-9 crashed into a MIG, didn't go off, got stuck, and reverse engineered after landing.
At the same time, a 747 and a MiG are two completely different vehicles.
An SM-2 has a solid chance of sinking a ship - and was seriously investigated for that application. A direct hit on a 747 is game over. It's going to go clean through, and if it's into the fuselage, cut it in two.