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The anti-inflation pivot of 2022

adamtooze.substack.com

191–200 of 308 posts

Re: The anti-inflation pivot of 2022

#191

Earlier quoted context omitted.

> I think the US (and Canada) just needs to ride the tide and let all the other boats sink. Look at USD FX rates. The US may be able to purchase resources and goods abroad at more favorable exchange, but who can afford to buy US exports as the USD rockets skyward? And what is the logical follow-on to unobtainable USD units of trade? Substitutes that China, for example, are more than delighted to support if it means t…

FX rates are like racing logic. It might be better to be behind for a while (weaker currency) because that could have long term advantages like moving industry to your country. But you want to be in first place. The USD is strong because people need to buy things from the US to begin with. That is, at best, a "nobody goes there it's too popular" kind of comment. The idea that you weaken your currency to increase expo…

That's why petrodollar is part of heated conversations around the world.

You do this enough and your allies become collateral damage, the system begs for a change. Rest of the world starts to only base their trades in gold (or some other standard) and when faced with USD debt, change the debt amount through policy. US has to keep their (future) allies afloat either openly or with hidden support.

Re: The anti-inflation pivot of 2022

#192

I think the US (and Canada) just needs to ride the tide and let all the other boats sink. Pretty much everyone else is screwed. I think people are underestimating the second order effects of the US still having stable energy and farming capabilities. We'll see more stuff get done here and less stuff done elsewhere. Unemployment will be great here no matter what we do really. It will suffer in other countries. Though…

Nah. Canada real estate has to take the hit.

Canada's real estate situation makes no sense to me as a US citizen.

* Plenty of land

* Plenty of wood

* Plenty of sources of fresh water

* Pro-immigrantion policy could reducing construction costs

* Seemingly high rate of 'cottage' ownership which seems like a second home to me, which seems to indicate abundance?

* Remote working situation good

* Fiber can't be that hard to roll out to new places right next to roads plus Starlink exists

* People don't seem to mind the weather too much?

In US, these things seem less abundant as lots of our land is allocated already as opposed to just being crown land

Re: The anti-inflation pivot of 2022

#193
post #187

I heard a while back the idea that interest rates are a proxy for stability. That more stable societies support low interest rates, because in a stable society, money is more likely to be paid back 1, 5, or 10 years from now. Does the sharp rise of interest rates in the past year indicate that we are existing a period of prolonged stability and entering a period of relative instability?

That assumes interests rates are set by the free market, which is not true in todays economy.

The reason interest rates are going up is not a mystery. A dozen people meet semi-quarterly and vote on what the interest rate should be.

Re: The anti-inflation pivot of 2022

#194
I am a huge fan of Tooze and his books (Wages of Destruction is one of the best works of economic history, probably the best macro history imo, his more recent books are unfortunately terrible...but this is what happens when someone decides to become a celebrity academic) but this is from another reality.

Unfortunately, the decade of continuous monetary intervention has completely addled the mind of usually intelligent people. Their response to everything is always the same: begin stimmy, continue stimmy.

Re: The anti-inflation pivot of 2022

#195
post #180

The fed in the US isn’t going to handshake another countries fed so they all act like opec but for interest rates.

It is very likely that we get a new Plaza Accord. Not now, but the dollar's strength is going to be absolutely ruinous for corporate America over the next 12 months. And, at that point, you will see a move towards monetary co-operation (the thing that Obsfeld is talking about).

I do agree though: suggesting that the Fed stop rate hikes today because of the international consequences is madness. We are getting a much needed rebalancing, the Fed is kind of exporting deflation but this is being made up for with exchange rates moving downwards, the Fed's low rates during the last decade have heavily distorted international markets, continuing isn't helpful.

Re: The anti-inflation pivot of 2022

#196

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Everything is bad for the poor though. Rising rates fixes inflation, but reduces employment. As it turns out, unemployment is bad for the poor. Lowering rates improves employment, but comes with inflation risks. As it turns out, the poor also hate inflation. Screwed if you do, screwed if you don't. Dual mandate says that the Fed aims for as good employment as possible, while also aiming at a targeted 2% to 3% inflati…

>There's no amount of economic policy you can do to predict a war. You can't predict a war, but you can secure your supplies of basic commodities against it, preferably by producing them domestically.

US production of energy (coal, natural gas, and even petroleum) is almost entirely domestic.

The entirety of this year's fluctuations isn't because "we don't have oil/energy", but because global oil/energy prices were changing. In fact, USA exports more energy than we import.

So the higher price of energy is "good" for the US economy, as our companies obtain higher profits. Nonetheless, it still means higher prices at the gas pump and other inflationary measures.

--------

Just having a domestic base of energy didn't do jack diddly squat for oil prices. Oil prices will rise and fall with geopolitical reasons.

Now USA has a domestic energy source, which gives us a leg up compared to say, Germany, who was relying upon natural gas from a country to their East. But this has to do with supply of energy more so than price.

Energy prices are also floating upon the weather. La Nina this year will give us a mild winter, meaning Europe won't need as much natural gas... which counter-acts the war somewhat. We're lucky that Mother Nature smiles upon us this year...

Re: The anti-inflation pivot of 2022

#197

Earlier quoted context omitted.

I will admit that to me this pandemic was eye opening in several different ways. One thing that surprised me is how lazy both management and propaganda machine in US is these days. They ( management ) have gotten so used to the idea that all they have to do is to hint at layoffs and people will immediately be motivated to do the work that they forgot how to do anything else ( the phrase I heard used to describe the s…

> And now policy makers are openly discussing saying "Lets crash the economy so that companies can keep their leverage." Where have you seen policy makers openly discussing this? So far, it hasn't been open enough for me to see it...

You don't have to search that far.

I think the only reasonable objection here is whether individuals listed below could be considered policy makers, but the pattern seems relatively clear to me. Note that economy is weirdly connected to how a person feels. Just hearing that recession is just around the corner could potentially set it off ( not completely unlike say.. shortage after hearing something is about to be no longer accessible or run on a bank after finding out it is about to under ). And not surprisingly, the same decision process also applies to CEOs[9].Edit: And of course, it helps when all the platforms sing the same song nearly in concert.

Snippets indicating thought process from various government officials and their assorted influencers can be found with basic google search[1]("Some commentators argue that the US needs a recession to bring inflation down.") Those tend not to be some random bloggers with an idea, but rather a person with agenda in mind sometimes sending trial balloons into ether. Now those commentaries are much more careful now after initial outcry of some poorly chosen words, but Bloomberg in April[7] reported that "Labor demand is poised to ease, which will help the Federal Reserve tame inflation with less risk of triggering a recession." ( see also: "The Fed view is that when there's too much of an imbalance between labor demand and supply, you get a dysfunctional market with too much turnover and pay increases that lead to a unacceptable level of inflation.")

If you follow Powell's original comments that raise all that recent ire, you could see how those could be easily construed as "Lets crash the economy" ( "There’s too much demand. For example, in the labor market, there’s more demand for workers than there are people to take the jobs, right now, by a substantial margin. And, because of that, wages are moving up at levels that are unsustainably high and not consistent with low inflation. And so what we need to do is we need to get demand down, give supply a chance to recover and get those to align.")

Note that the May 2022 interview[8] comments are much softer as a result of pushback to some of the previous comments ( "And we need to get back to 2% inflation, that’s the main thing. The main lesson is we must do whatever, you know, what we need to do to get inflation back to 2%. And we have the tools to do that. And we will." || "I will also say that the process of getting inflation down to 2% will also include some pain, but ultimately the most painful thing would be if we were to fail to deal with it and inflation were to get entrenched in the economy at high levels, and we know what that’s like. " ||

"Ryssdal: What keeps you up more at night: the prospect of inflation sticking around? Or the idea that you’re going to cause a recession?

Powell: Well, look, I think it’s a very challenging environment to make monetary policy. And we certainly, our goal, of course, is to get inflation back down to 2% without having the economy go into recession, or, to put it this way, with the labor market remaining fairly strong." ||

"The main lesson is we must do whatever, you know, what we need to do to get inflation back to 2%. And we have the tools to do that. And we will."

Naturally, with few exceptions, few current officials ( say from FED or current Biden administration ) will put themselves on record by saying something like this, but former officials[4] have some reasons to do it regardless ("“Almost certainly there will be a full-blown recession. If we’re not in one yet, I think we will be in the next 12 months,” Dudley, the former president of the New York Federal Reserve, told CNN in a phone interview.").

Separately, sometimes for their own reasons, various executives from private sectors feel the need to weigh in [5]( Stephen Ross in June predicted that “employees will recognize as we go into a recession, or as things get a little tighter, that you have to do what it takes to keep your job and to earn a living.” Later that month, Intuit CEO Sasan Goodarzi told MarketWatch that “the power is shifting to employers,” and as “people move from hiring to now cutting jobs, and a possible recession, you might see more of a move back to work.”) on future recession and its impact on WFH.

And just to add a little spice to this, I wanted to add my favorite relatively recent opinion piece[10], where author gleefully notes tech jobs will finally stop being cushy ("The chief executives of Meta Platforms Inc. META, +1.18% and Alphabet Inc.’s GOOGL, +0.26% GOOG, +0.21% Google have warned employees of tough times ahead — with Mark Zuckerberg telling employees on the last day of the second quarter that the company faced one of the “worst downturns that we’ve seen in recent history” —and Microsoft Corp. MSFT, -0.09% is slowing hiring in some groups and eliminating a few jobs. Even the world’s most valuable company, Apple Inc., AAPL, +2.51% reportedly plans to scale back hiring and spending, after profligate spender Amazon.com Inc. AMZN, +0.91% signaled cutbacks earlier this year.")

We can then move to state officials, who stand to gain/lose from RTO/WFH. For example, NY Adams governor[6] ( "Adams has in recent weeks mounted a major advocacy push for private businesses in the city to order their employees back to their offices, arguing that the economy at large is hampered by telework policies popularized during the pandemic" || “I’m trying to fill up office buildings, and I’m telling JPMorgan, Goldman Sachs, I’m telling all of them, ‘Listen, I need your people back into office so we can build the ecosystem.’).

Naturally, after several recorded conversations that indicated that type of thinking, PR campaign began to claim that it was never the case[3]("We're not trying to have a recession, and we don't think we have to,"||"That's what we're trying to achieve and we continue to think there's a path to that. We know that path has clearly narrowed… and it may narrow further.") and FED is actually trying really hard not to say stuff out loud[2] (“They’re trying to slow down the overall economy, and that would include firms’ appetite to hire, without ever saying that out loud,” ).

Perception is reality and it looks to me like more than just policy makers are involved in creating this particular scenario ( recession ). All this while the job market remains stubbornly strong.

Still, I might be wrong. I am open to arguments.

[1]https://www.ft.com/content/31b15e03-929f-40c1-b2f8-782df4bd6... [2]https://www.bankrate.com/banking/federal-reserve/will-the-fe... [3]https://www.axios.com/2022/07/28/recession-fed-powell [4]https://www.cnn.com/2022/08/04/economy/recession-inflation-f... [5]https://fortune.com/2022/08/17/recession-return-to-office-ce... [6]https://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/new-york-elections... [7]https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2022-04-12/fed-s-... [8]https://www.marketplace.org/2022/05/12/fed-chair-jerome-powe... [9]https://fortune.com/2022/06/17/majority-executives-anticipat... [10]https://www.marketwatch.com/story/its-the-end-of-fantasyland...

Re: The anti-inflation pivot of 2022

#198

Earlier quoted context omitted.

I'm not sure we want to (or intend to) eat Europe's lunch - we'd like a fairly strong Europe. But yeah, for now Europe's lunch will be eaten.

Europe missed the train and train doesn't reverse when missing the station.. Energy and infrastructure are the venes of Europe which clocked and overstretched to the max. Something will need to give and it already begins by small bakeries closing and more to follow.. It wont end well. I don't believe we will have any growth in Europe for the next 3 years. Who is going to invest in Europe if energy is literally unpred…

Are people blaming environmentalists for attacking nuclear energy all these years? France stuck to it, but Germany seems to have bowed to pressure. The lesson is always to dismiss idealists and ideologues in politics.

Re: The anti-inflation pivot of 2022

#199

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Canadian mortgages have separate amortization periods (say 20 or 25 years for example) and interest rate terms (generally 1-5 years, after which the rate has to be renegotiated -- and you have the option of transferring the mortgage to another lender at that time). You can also let your rate float with the market, which is called a variable rate mortgage.

Interesting. Do you know why mortgages in Canada are so different from the US? They seem much more risky on the buyer’s side.

Because it's more profitable for the lenders, and Canada's government is happy to bend over backwards to make old-boys-club-businesses like banks and telecoms comfortable.

Re: The anti-inflation pivot of 2022

#200
post #187

I heard a while back the idea that interest rates are a proxy for stability. That more stable societies support low interest rates, because in a stable society, money is more likely to be paid back 1, 5, or 10 years from now. Does the sharp rise of interest rates in the past year indicate that we are existing a period of prolonged stability and entering a period of relative instability?

This is probably a good way to think about it, but it's not a straight scale of 0% good and 100% bad. There's a goldilocks zone in there, things above that are bad for instability, and things below are bad for lack of caution.

The rise is a correction that rates have been artificially low for 5-10 years, because the massive growth with no real risk assessment was addictive. If Fed rates get around 5% or more and they are still hinting at increases that's probably a bad sign for the long term. Short term instability already is happening.

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