It's interesting watching the responses roll in here. What CF is laying out here was essentially the standard viewpoint of western society until something like 10 years ago. "I disagree with what you say, but I'll protect your right to say it" is a basic tenant of liberalism. If you find that shocking, you should examine why that is.
No, just America, and even then the famous free speech has always had significant exceptions. Usually by the process of defining stuff as "not speech" or "obscene". Free speech surrounding sex is censored, most recently by FOSTA/SESTA.
The stable consensus also relied on mass media not being a complete free for all. The airwaves are censored by the FCC. There's a limited number of big producers who are vulnerable to political pressure, giving you things like MPAA censorship and the conflict with the RIAA over rap lyrics.
The phenomenon that you can say to a mass audience "this person is a degenerate, wouldn't it be great if someone harmed them" and sit back and wait for it to happen is genuinely different.
(Only the other day I found out about https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutual_Film_Corp._v._Industria... , in which for a period of about 20 years the Supreme Court held that films weren't free speech. Going back further you have to explain Comstock laws, and so on.)