"In other words, the Chinese military probably uses radar instruments to send signals down at the target from above, and determine how much radar bounces back to the instruments from the fighter jets..." I'm curious, what type of radar is used in spy satellites? Is there any health risk for people on the ground?
The same kind as on aircraft, basically. Synthetic aperture is one form of radar that's been in use for a while, and I'm sure it's progressed by amazing levels since I was in the game.
Is there any health risk for people on the ground?
Nope, not much more RF radiation that what we get zapped with by terrestrial radiation.