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Evidence for behavioural interventions looks increasingly shaky

economist.com

21–30 of 59 posts

Re: Evidence for behavioural interventions looks increasingly shaky

#21
post #17

Earlier quoted context omitted.

I don't follow. The Economist's editors aren't the ones deciding what is or isn't counted as a nudge in the academic literature.

The headline doesn't say nudges. It says behavioural interventions. (and as far as I can tell, the academic literature isn't consistent on what counts as a nudge or not)

Nudges are behavioural interventions. It's just a headline.

Re: Evidence for behavioural interventions looks increasingly shaky

#22
post #9

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Fundamentally yes, except that nudge theory is about manipulating collective action (or inaction) in populations. Promoters of this theory also envision themselves as trying to help, not fleece people of their money.

I don't know a lot about this, but would an example be like when Draghi was at the ECB and he responded with "Whatever it takes" when asked about the S. Europe debt crises? Or how exactly does nudging look like in practice?

Nudging would look like this (excuse the politics, it's just the most immediate source of examples): people who are up to date on their vaccinations may get perks and be allowed to enter certain venues just by showing their card, while everyone else gets no perks and has to pay for testing to enter venues or are barred entirely.

Another example: instead of regulating testing for travel, allow third party companies to manage official testing certificates and set their own prices. This happened in the UK, where Covid tests were free from the government unless you wanted to travel - at which point you had to pay a private clinic upwards of £50 (sometimes more like £150) to get a 24 hour pass.

Nudging looks very much like incentives and restrictions in a mobile game.

Re: Evidence for behavioural interventions looks increasingly shaky

#23
post #9

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Fundamentally yes, except that nudge theory is about manipulating collective action (or inaction) in populations. Promoters of this theory also envision themselves as trying to help, not fleece people of their money.

I don't know a lot about this, but would an example be like when Draghi was at the ECB and he responded with "Whatever it takes" when asked about the S. Europe debt crises? Or how exactly does nudging look like in practice?

I thought a good example is when you get a drivers license and it asks if you'd like to become an organ donor, it "pre-checks" the "yes" box rather than leaving it blank.

The idea being people who are on the fence are more likely to just accept the "yes" than go through the effort to check "yes"

Re: Evidence for behavioural interventions looks increasingly shaky

#24
post #16

Earlier quoted context omitted.

In that big meta study that questioned the efficiency of nudges, it was said in the discussion on HN that they excluded default options from the definition of nudges. Either way, the line seems arbitrary to me, and it's part of why I think they're moving the goalposts.

I don't know what people on HN said, but it's the first example of nudges of you look here (and pretty much anywhere else): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nudge_theory#Types_of_nudges

The article in question was "No evidence for nudging after adjusting for publication bias". That study apparently counted default choices on forms as "structural interventions" - a term wide enough to usually include immunisation programs and taxes.

Re: Evidence for behavioural interventions looks increasingly shaky

#25
post #9

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Fundamentally yes, except that nudge theory is about manipulating collective action (or inaction) in populations. Promoters of this theory also envision themselves as trying to help, not fleece people of their money.

I don't know a lot about this, but would an example be like when Draghi was at the ECB and he responded with "Whatever it takes" when asked about the S. Europe debt crises? Or how exactly does nudging look like in practice?

>Or how exactly does nudging look like in practice?

If you want people to take the stairs you might make the elevator stay at the top floors so that people always have to press the call elevator button, they might choose to walk up instead of waiting.

If you want people to eat less animal based proteins you can make vegan options the default for catering/meal options with meat only available as a option you can request. Some people will take whatever is the default.

You want more organ donations you make being a organ donor the default with a option to opt-out.

The goal is to make the desired option the easiest way out so most people will avoid the cognitive work of doing what they would actually prefer if they thought about it.

Re: Evidence for behavioural interventions looks increasingly shaky

#26

Earlier quoted context omitted.

I don't know a lot about this, but would an example be like when Draghi was at the ECB and he responded with "Whatever it takes" when asked about the S. Europe debt crises? Or how exactly does nudging look like in practice?

>Or how exactly does nudging look like in practice? If you want people to take the stairs you might make the elevator stay at the top floors so that people always have to press the call elevator button, they might choose to walk up instead of waiting. If you want people to eat less animal based proteins you can make vegan options the default for catering/meal options with meat only available as a option you can reque…

Turning the option that most people want into the hardest/most tedious/most onerous option for them to select is a great way to foster contempt for your system.

Re: Evidence for behavioural interventions looks increasingly shaky

#27

Earlier quoted context omitted.

>Or how exactly does nudging look like in practice? If you want people to take the stairs you might make the elevator stay at the top floors so that people always have to press the call elevator button, they might choose to walk up instead of waiting. If you want people to eat less animal based proteins you can make vegan options the default for catering/meal options with meat only available as a option you can reque…

Turning the option that most people want into the hardest/most tedious/most onerous option for them to select is a great way to foster contempt for your system.

I think nudges are supposed to be subtle enough that you don't notice them. And probably for every not so subtle manipulation we notice there are 5 we don't notice.

Re: Evidence for behavioural interventions looks increasingly shaky

#28

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Turning the option that most people want into the hardest/most tedious/most onerous option for them to select is a great way to foster contempt for your system.

I think nudges are supposed to be subtle enough that you don't notice them. And probably for every not so subtle manipulation we notice there are 5 we don't notice.

I’m sure that’s what professional nudgers like to think, but I certainly feel like I see them all over the place.

Re: Evidence for behavioural interventions looks increasingly shaky

#29
post #8

What is a nudge? Do dark patterns, tactics employed by casinos or loot box games that depend on whales and children of wealthy parents count?

I've heard that whales, which might be a thing in casinos, isn't really a thing in video game markets.

Re: Evidence for behavioural interventions looks increasingly shaky

#30
post #22

Earlier quoted context omitted.

I don't know a lot about this, but would an example be like when Draghi was at the ECB and he responded with "Whatever it takes" when asked about the S. Europe debt crises? Or how exactly does nudging look like in practice?

Nudging would look like this (excuse the politics, it's just the most immediate source of examples): people who are up to date on their vaccinations may get perks and be allowed to enter certain venues just by showing their card, while everyone else gets no perks and has to pay for testing to enter venues or are barred entirely. Another example: instead of regulating testing for travel, allow third party companies to…

I think your examples are explicit incentives, not nudges. From what I’ve read, a nudge is typically something much subtler that works on an emotional level. For example the tax office might A/B test different wording for a tax demand letter template, finding that it’s more effective to say “Get a £100 early-filing discount if you pay before $DATE” instead of “An additional £100 late-filing penalty will be charged if you fail to pay before $DATE”. A strict logician or economist might point out they amount to the same thing, but the different emotional approach nonetheless makes a measurable difference in the aggregate response. That’s what is usually meant by a nudge.
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