Earlier quoted context omitted.
> And if the filter thinks the image is positive for CSAM it sends it to Apple, correct? No. The logic was never “if there’s a match the image is uploaded”. The device never knows if there’s a match. Under the process Apple described, an extra packet of data is attached to every iCloud upload. If there are enough matches, Apple can decode those packets to get a low-res thumbnail, which they then check against a secon…
So in reply to your parent, the answer is yes. It sends a low resolution copy of the image to Apple with extra steps.
> Does macOS 12.3 and beyond phone home with details of images and documents you open in Preview?
There is no similar context with Apple’s previous CSAM scheme. The device is unable to check for a match and then upload the photo if there’s a match. The scheme only works because it operates on iCloud uploads.