"So why does the term “elite” become attached to certain languages over others?" Because the causality flows the other way. At any given point in time, there are certain languages that the elite programmers tend to flock to, because they spend more time looking out for new, good things that the average person (part of what got them to "elite" in the first place), and therefore finding someone who knows that language…
because they spend more time looking out for new, good things that the average person Yet I think the best programmers I know use languages that are 20 to 30 years old as their main weapon of choice (C/C++ for example). I'd also care to say that once you reach a certain skill level, you see beyond the language and don't find yourself looking for the latest shining new stuff.
C is 40 years old and C++ is 32 years old. (Visual Basic is 20-30 years old, though.)