* Say yes first. Acknowledge everything and say what you agree with.
* Use the phrase "tell me more." Use this to get context in a nonconfrontational way (as opposed to "why" which can get people in defensive mode).
* Avoid using "but". People don't like to hear it and it makes them forget the past before it. Everytime you want to use but, see if you can use "and" or "at the same time", or nothing, and almost always the result is better.