The Intel CPU-s had throttling issues that made them unusable for basic things like calls over Google Meet as they would throttle to 400 MHz. That seems to be a common theme with the newer laptops. Look up "Intel DPTF" and power limits. They are severely throttled by firmware/drivers, long before they actually hit their (thermal) limits. There are various tweaks to unlock the full potential of the CPU, the easiest of…
We hit the 400Mhz problem as well, on corporate high-end 14" Dells. Disabling thermald did not help much, as the laptop almost melted. But we discovered a "magic" spell involving rmmod/modprobe. It sparked a kind of a custom: - guys, my laptop is throttling hard (...) - here, run this untrusted code snippet as root - yaay, it worked!
They'll throttle and hard-shutdown long before permanent damage occurs. Recent laptop CPUs have maximum temperatures of ~100C and are perfectly fine to stay at that temperature 24/7.