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Tacit knowledge is more important than deliberate practice

commoncog.com

61–70 of 133 posts

Re: Tacit knowledge is more important than deliberate practice

#61

At one point when my son was young and not doing well in school we had him tested. We were told he was a kinesthetic learner. At about that time he was getting into skateboarding. When he grew up he became a brilliant skateboarder who is well known for it in our hometown. He put as much thought into learning a new trick as I put into solving a programming problem. He still doesn't like school. https://en.wikipedia.or…

“Everyone is a genius. But if you judge a fish by its ability to climb a tree, it will live its whole life believing that it is stupid.”

No substantive evidence exists suggesting Einstein made this statement...QI [quote investigator] has identified an influential essay called “An Educational Allegory” that was written under the pen name “Aesop, Jr.” and published in the “Journal of Education” in 1898. The author was later identified as Amos E. Dolbear of Tufts, a prominent physicist and inventor. The essay emphasized the absurdity of using a single inflexible standard for assessing the achievement of each individual student.

https://quoteinvestigator.com/2013/04/06/fish-climb/

Re: Tacit knowledge is more important than deliberate practice

#62

Earlier quoted context omitted.

As someone who's studied this field extensively and applied it professionally, I'll go ahead and say I wouldn't recommend Accelerated Expertise to anyone. Reading it I got the distinct impression that the authors did not understand a great deal of the research they cited, either when supporting or dismissing it. Some good criticism of the book can be found here[0]. If some acronyms confuse you, the main one to know i…

Do you have recommendations for better references on self-learning? I've read Cognitive Load Theory by Sweller et al., and while a good book, it's not very practically oriented.

Sadly I'm not familiar with books that focus on self-learning. If you're struggling to apply the knowledge from CLT it suggests that you're mostly missing skills related to curriculum design like sequencing, scoping, and scaffolding. You might consider an introductory book into curriculum design (apologies, I don't have the name of a good one at hand). You might also benefit from reading something like "How I Wish I'd Taught Maths"[0] which is a great example of someone who understands these theories attempting to transform them into actionable ideas in the classroom. Following that example might help you in managing your own learning.

[0] https://www.amazon.com/How-Wish-Taught-Maths-conversations-e...

Re: Tacit knowledge is more important than deliberate practice

#63

Programmers have another common example of how a belief in transmissionism often doesn't work out as well as the author hopes: the monad tutorial. Here are other examples I can think of: - Learning programming in the first place. Many people struggle. - Teaching rhythm to an older adult with no musical experience. - Ear training. No explanation will substitute for practice. This isn't to say that explanations never w…

How do you actually teach both Rhythm and Ear training? I'm struggling at both right now. I've paid a teacher, and it's helping, but now I'm curious how we actually teach these things.

Re: Tacit knowledge is more important than deliberate practice

#65
Both sides of the aisle in this debate appear to hold a common assumption that our current method of sharing knowledge (i.e. written and spoken words) are the best methods that we will ever have at our disposal.

However, should a day come when a new method circumvents this very crude way of knowledge transmission, this debate will be significantly changed or even rendered moot.

Re: Tacit knowledge is more important than deliberate practice

#66
post #3

I'm sorry, I was really into the whole Deliberate practice thing and then I read this and thought "Oh no, did I have it all wrong?" So I read the book he quoted - "Source of Power". And you know what? It has a tremendous overlap with Deliberate Practice. The proponents of Deliberate Practice never claim to "just do it over and over" - you have to have background knowledge, a teacher/coach, etc... the tacit knowledge.…

Indeed, this seems a little misleading (or perhaps I have too broad a view of deliberate practice). The submission talks about learning to ride a bike by first gliding for short periods, then longer periods, then pedalling. Is this not deliberate practice? Or identifying that you struggle with understanding software design, and then working on create designs and getting feedback to improve them so you can develop your own intuition for how to design good software - this also seems like deliberate practice to me.

I'll assume the best in the author, that he simply interpreted deliberate practice differently than I did such that it was not useful for most things, and now he's trying to share the method that worked for him. But to me this is exactly what I would expect from deliberate practice.

Re: Tacit knowledge is more important than deliberate practice

#67
post #34

Sound to me like "tacit knowledge" is simply a practical skill? I mean, obviously you can explain many things to someone who can't replicate it "just in time", riding a bike is one of those examples. Explain math, playing guitar, reading, or whatever perfectly to a person, they still have to practice to be able to do it. The problem isn't the explanation, it's the difficulty of the skill to learn. Don't know why we n…

Wit is not practical skill. You can't teach that to another person.

I suspect it very much is a practical skill. I'd be shocked if genetics are the sole determinant in your wit - surely other aspects such as linguistic ability, social skills, knowledge of pop culture, confidence, etc. all contribute to wit. And those can all be trained.

It would take time, of course, and a lot of practice rather than just having it explained to you. But I don't see why it wouldn't be trainable.

Re: Tacit knowledge is more important than deliberate practice

#68

Readers who are interested in the actionable aspects of this topic should probably read the last instalment in this series: https://commoncog.com/blog/accelerated-expertise/ The basic idea is this: 1. Deliberate practice only works for skills with a history of good pedagogical development. If no such pedagogical development exists, you can’t do DP. Source: read Peak, or any of Ericsson’s original papers. Don’t read t…

As someone who's studied this field extensively and applied it professionally, I'll go ahead and say I wouldn't recommend Accelerated Expertise to anyone. Reading it I got the distinct impression that the authors did not understand a great deal of the research they cited, either when supporting or dismissing it. Some good criticism of the book can be found here[0]. If some acronyms confuse you, the main one to know i…

I disagree with this assessment. (Or, more accurately, I’d like to see a more comprehensive counter argument).

The article you link to is essentially a response to 2 pages in the book, where Hoffman et al mention, almost in passing, that CLT is a silly theory when you want to train for real world scenarios (the intuition is that if you’re training marine fire squad commanders to plan on the battlefield, perhaps it helps to simulate shooting at them during training?) Hoffman et al use this as an example of a learning theory that doesn’t seem to map to real world requirements.

This reads like a disagreement over one particular dismissal in the book, perhaps because CLT is a pet theory of the article’s authors. The problem: this argument is not core to the book!

The article does not, for instance,

a) Deal with the many examples of successful real world accelerated training programs with no curriculum design (as is commonly understood; ordering of simulations isn’t really designing a syllabus) in Chapter 9 (some of which were designed by some of the authors)

b) Have a rejoinder to the two learning theories presented in Chapter 11 that the authors claim underpins their training approach (if there were something to attack, this would be it!)

c) Nor have a rejoinder to a more central claim in the book, (and to my mind a more controversial claim) that atomisation of concepts impedes rapidised training.

And, perhaps most surprisingly to me, your claim that

> Reading it I got the distinct impression that the authors did not understand a great deal of the research they cited, either when supporting or dismissing it.

is remarkable, given that one of the authors of Accelerated Expertise is Paul J Feltovich, one of the founders of the field of expertise research, and a contemporary of Ericsson’s.

Re: Tacit knowledge is more important than deliberate practice

#69

IMO Tacit knowledge is what we used to call judgement. Judgement is basically knowing a bunch of things but having a good idea of which things are more important than others, and especially knowing which things are worth spending time on any which aren't. It's like when I see someone talking about financial options and they put everything on the board at once: what are puts and calls, what's an iron butterfly and oth…

I'd describe it as wisdom instead, that thing that needs experience and consideration to (hopefully) come to fruition in oneself.

Re: Tacit knowledge is more important than deliberate practice

#70

"Tacit knowledge cannot be externalized" is a cruel thing for me to hear when it comes to social skills. Ty Tashiro writes about how "awkward" people https://www.ted.com/talks/ty_tashiro_why_we_re_socially_awkw... need things to be spelled out and made explicit. With that, we can function as well as anyone. Without that we suffer when we get advice like "be yourself", "read Dale Carnegie", etc. Ty was lucky to have p…

This reminds me of this post: https://putanumonit.com/2021/09/10/rules-for-noobs/

I don't think the guy is any sort of "certified expert" but it rings true to me. And occasionally I've tried to give people related advice but found I couldn't. For example: How do you know when you you're close enough with someone that you tease them in a way that they'll take well vs badly? I'm pretty good at knowing it, but I'll be damned if I can explain it.

tl;dr of the article is that when people are learning then explicit rules and guidelines are helpful. Once you get better at it, they are unnecessary and even harmful. People in the latter stage tend to give crappy advice like "just be yourself" because it works for them now, they don't really exactly know what they're doing (ie, the knowledge is implicit) and they've forgotten what it's like to be totally incompetent.

Anyway, perhaps the point is that while it's difficult to externalize how to "not be awkward" (and indeed it would likely be different for every social group) you can probably use rules to get along well enough, for long enough, to figure it out the hard way.

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