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Female African elephants are evolving without tusks due to ivory poaching

theswaddle.com

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Re: Female African elephants are evolving without tusks due to ivory poaching

#311

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Right, selective breeding is just a subset of natural selection. Not sure why folks seem to want to exclude humans from nature, like we’re not part of the exact same system.

> Not sure why folks seem to want to exclude humans from nature Probably because the concept of "nature" no longer serves any purpose if you don't, as it doesn't exclude anything. It's often a pointless distinction to make (see also: anything that labels itself as "organic"), but it's a convenient shorthand to describe a category of interactions that people often want to talk about.

Perhaps, then, "nature" is a somewhat dated concept that is no longer especially useful to have in such broad circulation, given that it encourages folks to exclude humanity from analysis and understanding of the "natural" system?

Re: Female African elephants are evolving without tusks due to ivory poaching

#312
post #283
post #196

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Selective breeding is one form of evolution.

This is the correct differentiation. One possible selection mechanism of evolution is selective breeding. Others are predators, changes in the habitat etc.

I'd argue this is more a case of (human) predators though, rather than intentional breeding.

Re: Female African elephants are evolving without tusks due to ivory poaching

#313

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Oof, that's a tall order, isn't it? I'm no professional philosopher, and not somebody who works all day making dictionary definitions, but the general sense of natural / artificial here is "not by humans" versus "by humans", although that's not very precise and you'll get into trouble if you read too much into much into it. There are loads of ways in which you'd need to refine this definition in order to account for…

> which is why you demanded that I define it for you, presumably so you could poke holes in whatever definition I provided Not really. Your original use of the word implied the definition you were using, and my comment was merely to point out that it's the wrong definition (in my opinion, obviously). In this context it makes more sense to include the intention, because the evolution itself in this case is not somethi…

> Not really. Your original use of the word implied the definition you were using, and my comment was merely to point out that it's the wrong definition (in my opinion, obviously).

That's precisely what I said... you asked me to provide the definition in order to poke holes in it. Rather than go through this back-and-forth nonsense with implications, why not just say it up front?

Anyway, seems like you think I was saying that the evolution was artificial. Evolution is heritable variation and the forces that choose among those variations. Natural selection, artificial selection, and genetic drift are possible forces that choose the variation, but in this case, the variations themselves are still random mutations.

Re: Female African elephants are evolving without tusks due to ivory poaching

#314
post #40
post #12

In case anyone is wondering about the size of the effect, https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/wildlife-... has the numbers. Before the war, 2-4% of female elephants were tuskless. Now 32% of newly born ones are. So it's a significant change, but it's not like this property was coming out of nowhere. It started off about as common as humans having green eyes.

Evolution is an umbrella term, but in the most general form, evolution means a change in genetics in a population over time. So yes, the genetic 'option' was there before, but it is advantageous now.

change in genetics is not really evolution, it is just mutations. Evolution is environmental selection of advantageous mutations.

Re: Female African elephants are evolving without tusks due to ivory poaching

#315
Has anyone tried raising elephants using industrial livestock methods, for harvesting ivory and reducing the price to reduce poaching?

I expect that selective breeding could yield elephants that produce large amounts of ivory continuously. Elephant generation time is a minimum of 11 years (2 years gestation and 9 years for females to reach sexual maturity). The project would take many years.

Other animals produce ivory. Common warthog has a 2-year generation time. Hippo is 7 years. Walrus is 6 years. Narwhal is 7 years.

Re: Female African elephants are evolving without tusks due to ivory poaching

#317
post #208

Earlier quoted context omitted.

This is a fantastic question - as this is indeed done for other African animals, like crocodiles. The biggest issue is that elephants cannot be profitably raised in captivity - they require too much food, too much space, and take too long to produce tusks. ...and if you allow them to roam in reserves, then poachers shoot them. I do wonder if it might work in another part of the world that could offer better security…

You cannot grow them as a business model, however if you already have a preserve and elephants on them wouldn't a) be safer to remove the tusks from the elephants to make them less of a target and b) sell the removed tusks to fund your preserve ?

The moment anyone in the world starts selling tusks, poachers start shooting elephants and smuggling the tusks into these "legal" markets/auctions.

Re: Female African elephants are evolving without tusks due to ivory poaching

#318
post #317

Earlier quoted context omitted.

You cannot grow them as a business model, however if you already have a preserve and elephants on them wouldn't a) be safer to remove the tusks from the elephants to make them less of a target and b) sell the removed tusks to fund your preserve ?

The moment anyone in the world starts selling tusks, poachers start shooting elephants and smuggling the tusks into these "legal" markets/auctions.

Fun Fact: Violin bows also contain ivory in the tip.

https://www.benningviolins.com/ivory-violins-and-violin-bows...

I had a friend who was a luthier, and in this tradition the father hands over the materials to the son, so that you may have wood that's been aging for 40 years, and a stockpile of ivory to use in the bows.

Re: Female African elephants are evolving without tusks due to ivory poaching

#319

Earlier quoted context omitted.

But we don't commonly run around saying Arabians and Morgans are different because of evolution. Neither do we say that chihuahua's and labradors have evolved into their present form. In my humble opinion "evolution" refers to speciation, which takes very many generations.

The distinction between one species and another is pretty arbitrary in many cases. Exact species boundaries, or even the concept of "species" itself, are something humans determine, by convention. Evolution is something that happens regardless. > Evolution is defined as the change in the inherited traits of a population of organisms through successive generations… When particular genetic sequences change in a populat…

Thanks for the thoughtful response. Good link.

So in this case, evolution is the correct term. Microevolution is more correct.

Macroevolution is more correct when describing speciation.

Re: Female African elephants are evolving without tusks due to ivory poaching

#320
post #302

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Also if you buy the offical story of Covid it is this desire for exotic expensive animals with questionable natural medical benefits that caused the zootopic jump of Covid from bats to humans. So the real cost of this sort of trade now couldnt be higher.

Most virologists buy what you call the "official story", for what it's worth.

It isnt worth much, there is no physical evidence to support either theory, lab leak or wet market. We just have to take the word of a communist regeime, "there is no graphite on the roof" comes to mind.
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