Here's the framework I use: "tech companies" are those where tech still plays a significant factor in the growth of the company such that it's important to an executive level. Example: Google is still a tech company. As much as some might view search as "solved" (just like it was when Google was founded I might add), search continues to get better. Tech still plays a significant role in the actual core business (ie a…
Is Telsa then a "tech company" by your definition? What about Jet.com (pre-Walmart acquisition) that pioneered cheaper shipping / savings by informing users to by substitute products from the data distribution center.
It's a bit like how SpaceX is set to become a major player in regional Internet delivery but you wouldn't call SpaceX an Internet or a networking company. It's just a synergy between Internet as a business and reducing launch costs while proving reliability of first-stage reuse.
I'm tempted to describe both companies as "engineering companies" more than "tech companies". I just looked at Tesla spends a relatively modest (for its size) ~$1.1B on R&D.
So what's the difference? I'd say "tech" is largely about software and "engineering" is largely about hardware. Specifically, both Tesla and SpaceX are capital-intensive businesses where that capital is being used to produce physical products.
To be clear, none of this is official in any way. This is just the framework for how I think about things.