> In places with good waste management practices, like the U.S., nearly all plastic trash ends up in a landfill.
This is not true, see [1].
> As a result, the U.S. is responsible for only ~0.25% of plastic in the ocean.
This is also not true, and your link does not say that. The link is saying that the rivers in the USA are carrying 0.25% of the plastic that ends up in the ocean, the U.S. (as in, the people living in the US) are responsible for much, much more.
Recycling plastic is a mess, so instead of dealing with it, countries like the U.S. or Canada have decided to ship it across the world to countries like the Philippines to be "recycled" over there (see [2]). So now, of course, if you look at where the plastic enters the ocean, you will see that almost all of it happens in Asian countries, that's not because they use more plastic, that's just because that's where all the plastic of the world ends up.
Taking into account the origin of the platic, the U.S. is among the worst offenders:
> "the United States generated the largest amount of plastic waste of any country in the world (42.0 Mt). Between 0.14 and 0.41 Mt of this waste was illegally dumped in the United States, and 0.15 to 0.99 Mt was inadequately managed in countries that imported materials collected in the United States for recycling." [1]
[1]: https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/6/44/eabd0288
[2]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Philippines_was....