"...there is no body of widely accepted answers to commonly encountered questions like reason for belief or standard of proof, such as might be found in a natural science, for example."
I laughed out loud at this. "Science" is not distinct from philosophy, it is a child of philosophy. It exists on the borrowed epistemological currency (and naively at that) first set forth by the likes of Bacon, Descartes, Kant, Husserl, Popper, Kuhn, Lakatos, etc.
The author points out that philosophy has not provided definitive conclusions in any of its fields. True enough, but that means that science persists on a borrowed, naive philosophy of knowledge. That is, unless you think Popper and falsification solved the problem once and for all, and if you do, all I can say is .
It's a little like the philosophical equivalent of the debt ceiling. We've been borrowing for so long we no longer understand that there were ever consequences, or anything at stake to begin with. There's really no question that we live in an era of deeply, profoundly naive epistemology, as evidenced by this post's bracketing 'Science' as a sovereign discipline independent of and even superior to philosophy.
The question becomes, then: what will be the long-term consequences, if any, of our childlike faith in Sovereign, Benevolent Science? I don't know and I don't have any good speculations, but it worries me. The best and brightest of the Enlightenment put tremendous effort towards resolving the problem of skepticism and couldn't (Hume, Kant, Hegel and their Contentinental inheritors -- Hume, Compte, Russell, Ayer, Quine, Dennett and their Analytical inheritors), and yet now I can't count the number of times I've had conversations with otherwise bright, literate individuals who think that Science is a free and sovereign endeavor unencumbered by the high-falutin abstractions of philosophy -- pah!
Was it really that simple -- all we needed to do all along was pretend there was no epistemological question, even though positivism, phenomenology, and even Popper's falsification (please) are inadequate at a fundamental level to provide even a basic rational first principle in which to ground the entire enterprise?
If the naive reductionism of the current crop of Science-enthusiasts and dogmatic futurists like Brockman, Dennett, Pinker, et al, work for you, then more power to you. Go watch Star Trek and be happy. I just don't see how anyone with any sense at all of the history of ideas cannot be disturbed by the current state of our culture's philosophy, or lack thereof.