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France issues moratorium on prion research after fatal brain disease strikes

sciencemag.org

251–260 of 305 posts

Re: France issues moratorium on prion research after fatal brain disease strikes

#251
post #243

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Contraction or portmanteau?

Contraction : A portmanteau word is similar to a contraction, but contractions are formed from words that would otherwise appear together in sequence, such as do and not to make don't, whereas a portmanteau is formed by combining two or more existing words that all relate to a single concept. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portmanteau "Motel" and "fog" are portmanteaus, because you wouldn't put "motor hotel" or "smoke…

typo -

    "Motel" and "fog" are portmanteaus, because you 
    wouldn't put "motor hotel" or "smoke fog"
s/b

    "Motel" and "smog" are portmanteaus, because you 
    wouldn't put "motor hotel" or "smoke fog"

Re: France issues moratorium on prion research after fatal brain disease strikes

#253

Earlier quoted context omitted.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bovine_spongiform_encephalop... Wikipedia thinks otherwise. The whole UK population was eating mad cow for years until humans started dying. It was well known in advance that this was a crazy callous risk taken by uk.gov Careful what you read, the UK spend a lot of money on propaganda at the time (to support beef exports) until the case was well and truly lost.

Bear in mind that eating muscle tissue from infected animals is a much lower risk than innoculating yourself directly with brain matter from an infected animal. The prion protein is expressed in the central nervous system, which isn't legal for human consumption. Also, ingestion of meat exposes it to stomach acid and digestive enzymes before it gets into the consumer's circulation -- enzymes that break down foreign p…

Prions are pretty robust…

Re: France issues moratorium on prion research after fatal brain disease strikes

#254

Earlier quoted context omitted.

> Basically, you get infected, you die. Avoid cannibalism and you should be fine. https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/09/06/482952588/wh...

And avoid being in the same room with someone that’s been infected: In a 2011 paper, his team reported that prions can spread through aerosols

Not unless someone is literally sneezing their brains out.

Re: France issues moratorium on prion research after fatal brain disease strikes

#255

The study of rare, contagious diseases seems likely enough to result in an eventual outbreak that it should be treated like enriching uranium. Which is to say, with great caution- and not like regular science but rather like the kind of science with potentially very negative externalities.

It's more dangerous than enriching Uranium. Uranium does not self-replicate, for one thing. It's also very easy to detect and ensure it has stayed contained.

Re: France issues moratorium on prion research after fatal brain disease strikes

#256

Hm: "long period of uncertainty began on 31 May 2010, when she stabbed her left thumb with a curved forceps while cleaning a cryostat—a machine that can cut tissues at very low temperatures—that she used to slice brain sections from transgenic mice infected with a sheep-adapted form of BSE . She pierced two layers of latex gloves and drew blood" Later in the article: ""We conduct research only on mouse-adapted sheep…

Actually, this is poor skimming on your part.

Émilie Jaumain - the person refered to in your first quoted paragraph - worked at INRAE and the lab there works on prions that can infect humans. She cut her finger, and became infected.

Adriano Aguzzi's lab at the University of Zurich is the one that only works on mouse-adapted sheep prions. Presumably a similar accident wouldn't be possible there.

Re: France issues moratorium on prion research after fatal brain disease strikes

#257

Scary. I think and airborne human transmissible prion disease that kill in a few years is the kind of event that can bring our society back to prehistoric living in just a few decades. Hope it never happens.

I find prions unbelievably scary too. What reassures me is that they've had about 3 billion years to wipe out life on earth and haven't done it yet. Which means there must be some natural limits on their spread we don't know about yet.

There's basically one protein which does it (all the variants are just slightly different misfolds or misfolds of a slightly different version of the protein). It's only present in the nervous system and doesn't generally spread from there nor does it very easily make its way there from the skin, gut, or lungs (though of course it does sometimes). It also seems that some people are immune or at least more resistant. This makes a wide spread of it extremely unlikely without some really specific circumstances (like cannibalism, either in humans or in animals, or a deliberate attempt at weaponisation).

Re: France issues moratorium on prion research after fatal brain disease strikes

#258
post #6

> She had not been trained in handling dangerous prions or responding to accidents and did not wear both metal mesh and surgical gloves, as she was supposed to, says Julien Bensimhon, the family’s lawyer. The thumb should have been soaked in a bleach solution immediately, which did not happen, Bensimhon adds. Does bleach even affect proteins? Isn't that protocol for an organism you're afraid of?

yes, bleach kills microorganisms by denaturing their proteins.

Yes, though prions are extremely tough by protein standards (surviving extremely high temperatures and acidity, making them difficult to clean away. Prions have been transmitted from patient to patient through sterilized instruments used in brain surgery)

Re: France issues moratorium on prion research after fatal brain disease strikes

#259
post #56

Prions are weird. I was at UCSF during the time they went from a fringe theory to an established fact and a nobel prize. The professor who studied them (Prusiner) had to overcome tons of resistance and the experiments were heroic (often waiting months for mice to die). It's really funny that everybody resisted it until somebody mentioned that there was a plausible physical mechanism of refolding catalysis.

Is it because many researchers put their ego first over the science? It's so many times that they ridicule ideas, that often amounts to bullying and then they rarely even say sorry when it turns out they were wrong. Why won't academia flush out these types of people? The toxic atmosphere with no way of getting rid of bad apples is what put me off from studying.

It's because scientific evidence for a novel theory is often spotty and incomplete, and without any inertia, we'd be jumping from one fad to another, only to discover that the hot new thing is just a statistical anomaly, or a failure in experiment design.

See: the Pons cold fusion nonsense.

Yes, this does sometimes mean that correct novel theories, that don't have an insurmountable body of experimental evidence behind them have a harder time getting adoption. It's a tradeoff. It's the kind of tradeoff that anyone who actually wants to get any work done is constantly making.

Re: France issues moratorium on prion research after fatal brain disease strikes

#260

Earlier quoted context omitted.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bovine_spongiform_encephalop... Wikipedia thinks otherwise. The whole UK population was eating mad cow for years until humans started dying. It was well known in advance that this was a crazy callous risk taken by uk.gov Careful what you read, the UK spend a lot of money on propaganda at the time (to support beef exports) until the case was well and truly lost.

Bear in mind that eating muscle tissue from infected animals is a much lower risk than innoculating yourself directly with brain matter from an infected animal. The prion protein is expressed in the central nervous system, which isn't legal for human consumption. Also, ingestion of meat exposes it to stomach acid and digestive enzymes before it gets into the consumer's circulation -- enzymes that break down foreign p…

>the central nervous system, which isn't legal for human consumption.

Source? I've seen calf brain on the menu plenty of times.

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