> Seen as biological robots, their cognition is essentially in service to this, and so must necessarily be algorithmic, and limited. All to say they are generally assumed to have lesser forms of consciousness.
This seems to define consciousness as measurable by algorithmic determinism and limitation, which seems a complete non-sequitur. Seeing something as a biological robot need not necessarily imply anything at all about consciousness.
> Perhaps consciousness doesn’t come in degrees at all.
If I consider my altering states of awareness (awake & alert vs foggy vs dreaming) as degrees of consciousness, then yes it does. (But perhaps the question is really one of semantics.)
> Some people may be unable to articulate their inner life, but is there any doubt they feel intense, recognizable emotions? Does not water for them taste as it does to us, does not touch reassure, does not heat burn and ice freeze, do not their emotions swell and slosh within them?
I do doubt this (eta: at least in regards to animals; for humans, see comment about states of awareness above), for I see no evidence that any earthly creatures other than humans can actually reflect on their own feelings and therefore create an emotional feedback loop that serves to intensify emotions. (Granted, without the ability to communicate, or behave in a way that human intelligence can recognize as intelligent (the metrics for which are another rabbit hole), I'm not sure what such evidence would consist of.)
Anyway, without a concrete definition of consciousness, does something necessarily even need a brain to be considered conscious? What's to stop every feedback loop in existence from being conscious? Or, for that matter, every atom in the universe?