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Passive radiative cooling below ambient airtemperature under direct sun (2014) [pdf]

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Re: Passive radiative cooling below ambient airtemperature under direct sun (2014) [pdf]

#21
post #19

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Opening the windows at night and running fans to equalize the temperature, then putting space blankets over the windows for the day works wonders on hot days in upstate NY.

It's very good as long as two conditions apply: - the humidity has to be comfortably low - the outside temperature has to be low enough Historically, this is usually the case. In the last few weeks, I've had one or both of those fail to apply on the majority of nights. Dropping to 65F doesn't help when the outside air is also at 99% humidity. If the overnight low is 75F, we're not getting much cooling out of it.

Any system has to deal with time-variable conditions.

I dream of getting a geothermal heat pump for my 1850s farm house which is normally heated with two wood stoves but has a propane backup. (e.g. the kind of compact heater that you see all the time in people's apartments in anime)

At points south the capacity of that kind of system is set by cooling demand but where I live it is set by heating demand. The woodstove could pick up the slack on the coldest days, but that defeats the main selling point of the heat pump which is extreme comfort (e.g. it switches seamlessly from heating to cooling)

Re: Passive radiative cooling below ambient airtemperature under direct sun (2014) [pdf]

#22
I think I remember seeing a paper where they designed a metamaterial with vertical microstructures that passively lased input heat as narrow band IR within the frequency range that is transparent to the atmosphere. But I can't find it now, perhaps I'm mistaken.

Re: Passive radiative cooling below ambient airtemperature under direct sun (2014) [pdf]

#23
post #4

To compare to an air conditioner. This device has about 40W of cooling per m2. Apparently in Australia you should size between 80 and 120 W/m2 of air conditioning (I think this is cooling watts rather than power usage watts) - https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.crownpower.com.au/blog/choo... So that means every square meter of living space needs 2 square meters of radiative cooling (assuming no other passive cooling in…

I am trying to figure out whether one should take into account the cooling power of the surfaces being replaced. The figure of 80-120 W/m2 for air conditioning is presumably based on conventional building materials, which have negative cooling power.

In the paper, the figure of 40 W/m2 seems to be the net cooling power, which is defined in equation 1 as being the power radiated away minus various inflows of heat: radiatively, from the atmosphere; radiatively, from the sun; and by conduction and convection. As far as I can see, these corrections are all for this particular surface, not the surface it might be replacing. These will not, in general, be the same, and, given that this new surface is both highly reflective and vacuum-insulated, I would guess that its values for these properties are lower than the conventional building materials on which the a/c rule-of-thumb is based.

Nevertheless, I doubt that replacing the entire roof with this material would be sufficient cooling, on its own, in the Australian case, and I agree that this would not likely be a straightforward retrofit, to say the least!

Re: Passive radiative cooling below ambient airtemperature under direct sun (2014) [pdf]

#24
Are there any resources that catalog historical methods of passive cooling? Many of these methods are space efficient but not cost efficient, and many areas of the developing world (where these issues have the greatest impact) have all the space in the world and very limited access to funds.

Re: Passive radiative cooling below ambient airtemperature under direct sun (2014) [pdf]

#25

Earlier quoted context omitted.

>> A typical AC cycles its power input. If it has reached the requested temperature. Like basically all consumer thermostats, it is a bang-bang controller. There is no set on-off cycle. If the AC unit is running at capacity, ie it is properly sized for requirements, it will just be on all the time.

But the temperature goes up and down all the time so there is no "fixed requirement". If the AC is on all the time it is most likely undersized for the requirement at that time and can't maintain the desired temperature.

In a better-than-consumer setup you will have multiple chillers. Most will just stay on, with one going on-off to handle the variable bit of the load. Starting and stopping electric motors is less efficient tha just keeping them running as much as possible.

Re: Passive radiative cooling below ambient airtemperature under direct sun (2014) [pdf]

#26

I've been actively working on this technology, goal is making it cheaper and simplify installation. Stanford's a highly reflective surface ~95% combined with stacks layers of silica oxide on a wafer under vacume. The trick too achieving bellow ambient temperature is too reflect nearly all solar energy while emitting strongly in the "atmospheric window". Most silica compounds are well suited as emitters, however the h…

I'm eager to experiment with a material like this for the application of passive water harvesting in a high humidity environment.

Would you be able to recommend some materials that are perhaps sub-optimal for the task but trivial to assemble from commodity sources to produce this effect?

Re: Passive radiative cooling below ambient airtemperature under direct sun (2014) [pdf]

#27
post #4

To compare to an air conditioner. This device has about 40W of cooling per m2. Apparently in Australia you should size between 80 and 120 W/m2 of air conditioning (I think this is cooling watts rather than power usage watts) - https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.crownpower.com.au/blog/choo... So that means every square meter of living space needs 2 square meters of radiative cooling (assuming no other passive cooling in…

Keep in mind there is nothing preventing you from just angling the device (in its extreme, vertically) and just get an arbitrary amount of radiative surface with a given flat footprint.

(other than of course, it looking unsightly and construction costs)

edit: it would probably help a lot of you angle it such that it is normal to the sun rays, like where i live the sun sweeps from the east to the west, so if you angle the device north or south it would probably work even better.

Re: Passive radiative cooling below ambient airtemperature under direct sun (2014) [pdf]

#28
post #20
post #4

To compare to an air conditioner. This device has about 40W of cooling per m2. Apparently in Australia you should size between 80 and 120 W/m2 of air conditioning (I think this is cooling watts rather than power usage watts) - https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.crownpower.com.au/blog/choo... So that means every square meter of living space needs 2 square meters of radiative cooling (assuming no other passive cooling in…

Might as well just get solar PV then, that's around 150W per m2.

150W electricity, so you need to run a refrigerator cycle to pump that heat out of your house, which comes at a massive efficiency penalty.

Re: Passive radiative cooling below ambient airtemperature under direct sun (2014) [pdf]

#29

I've been actively working on this technology, goal is making it cheaper and simplify installation. Stanford's a highly reflective surface ~95% combined with stacks layers of silica oxide on a wafer under vacume. The trick too achieving bellow ambient temperature is too reflect nearly all solar energy while emitting strongly in the "atmospheric window". Most silica compounds are well suited as emitters, however the h…

wouldn't large scale usage of a device like this essentially increase the planetary albedo and help fight climate change? especially if you just skip the "environmental heat transfer" part

Re: Passive radiative cooling below ambient airtemperature under direct sun (2014) [pdf]

#30
post #24

Are there any resources that catalog historical methods of passive cooling? Many of these methods are space efficient but not cost efficient, and many areas of the developing world (where these issues have the greatest impact) have all the space in the world and very limited access to funds.

Historical passive cooling methods usually involve using shade and high thermal mass like a stone floor - basically simulating a cave.

More sophisticated historical methods include wind catchers used in Persia.

But historically stone houses weren't cheap - poor people lived in straw huts, and most people probably just put up with the heat the best they could cope.

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