Earlier quoted context omitted.
What in the parent post is dualist? Sounds more like an argument that animals have embodied intelligence. But as for being a dualist in the 21st century, there is always consciousness, information and math. All three of which can lead to some form of dualism/platonism.
Many of Dreyfuss' and other similar arguments reduce do dualism when you start digging into them. I don't have the time to dig into the specific article, but here's some immediate questions: 1. What is special about a body that makes it impossible to have intelligence without it? (a) Is it possible for a quadriplegic person to be intelligent? (b) A blind and deaf person? ((c)What about that guy from Johnny Got His Gu…
To me it sounds dualist if intelligence is disembodied. If the substrate doesn't matter, only the functionality, then that sounds like there's something additional to the world than just the physical constintuents. But of course, embodied versions of intelligence need to answer the sort of questions you posed. It should be noticed that Dreyfuss wrote his objections in the 50s and 60s during the period of classical AI. I don't know whether he addressed the question of robot children, or simulated childhoods. We don't have the sort of thing even today, and we also don't have AGI. Some of his objections still stand, although machine learning and robotics research has made inroads.
> Math? Me, I'm a formalist. It's all a game that we've made up the rules to.
So why is physics so heavily reliant on mathematics? Quite a few physicists think the world has a mathematical structure.
> For example, "...there is always consciousness, information and math...": without a tight, and very technical, definition of consciousness, that seems to be assuming the conclusion.
Qualia would be the philosophical term for subjective experiences of color, sound, pain, etc. Reducing those to their material correlations has been notoriously difficult, and there is still no agreement on what that entails.
As for information, some scientists have been exploring the idea that chemical space leads to the emergence of information as an additional thing to physics which needs to be incorporated into our scientific understanding of the world. That we can't really explain biology without it.