Earlier quoted context omitted.
If a standardized test said "what is the Yiddish word for rag?", is that test fair? It asks everyone the same question after all. But I'd bet you find that Jewish people were passing that test at a higher rate than anyone else. Obviously the biases in actual standardized tests are more subtle, but a lot of the question have an inherent cultural bias and assume some basic cultural knowledge in their test takers.
The biases must be subtle indeed if you are unable to describe one and have to resort instead to an absurd thought experiment.
(You need to be wealthy and coastal to know what a Regatta is)
If you have a number system where each place is a power of two greater than the one next to it, and only the digits 1 and 0, how do you represent the number 1033?
(This was an actual question I remember from a test, which I aced because I already knew binary but most of classmates were dumbfounded by the question)
Any question in English to a kid who grew up in a home that didn't speak English.
There are lots of studies you can Google with more examples.