I think every brain might be wired differently and a different approach might work better for some people. But if I'm trying to make notes in a meeting, I can't listen to a speaker argue some nuanced point in a meeting while furiously trying to jot things down. An approach that works for me is to have the meeting and try and pay undivided attention to it, then have 5-10 uninterrupted minutes at the end while everythi…
First, figure out the goal of your meeting: is it to share information (a standup, all-hands, etc.), come to a technical decision/consensus, something else? I'll focus on the second.
Your goal is to come to a decision, or resolve an open question. You have a stakeholder presumably, as well as some people with insight/opinions. You should define a few roles: meeting runner, note taker, and stakeholder. These can often be the same person, but are also often different people. The meeting runner does just that, they manage time, ensure people have a chance to speak, and generally referee and make sure things get done. The note taker takes notes, not an exact transcription, but detailed, attributed to speakers, etc. The stakeholder is somewhat responsible for the outcome, makes sure that they are happy with the result and manages AIs.
Note that these roles can't belong to any of the people who are presenting/arguing/disagreeing. Also, in practice, they can't belong to the least senior people in the room. Those people are probably going to be more actively involved in the meeting, while the people refereeing can sit back, ask questions and guide the discussion, with ample time to digest and take notes.
As someone who has at various points been both the active participant and the various stakeholder/notetaker/ref, it's a bad time if you have to do both. Notetaking takes up too much mental energy. I can't actively answer questions while taking notes. I can often ask them, if something isn't clear while I'm taking notes, it's sometimes extra obvious, so I can chime in with a question or a brief clarification, but anything more than that and you're likely to miss something.
This also, with the timekeeping, means that if the notetaker misses something, you already have the broad structure of the meeting written down, so others can chime in with anything forgotten, or add other follow-ups and action items. Then, you can email the whole summary out, and anyone who missed the meeting can see what was discussed, how the decision was reached, and follow-ups, and that's useful in case not all experts were able to be in the room, or as a reference for the future.