News sites love interesting headlines, researchers and university PR departments love being in the news, often much more than they value truth. The easiest way to get impressive research on power consumption is to use old per-unit consumption numbers to extrapolate power consumption based on today's usage (e.g. if transferring 1 GB of data took 1 kWh many years ago, just multiply "GB transferred today" with 1 kWh and…
> Every GB of data uses 5 kWh [in 2021] That should say 2012.
Too late to edit now.