* https://www.stlouisfed.org/on-the-economy/2016/october/china...
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Birth_rate_in_China.svg
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One-child_policy
Industrialization, urbanization, reduction in child mortality, and the education of women accomplished a reduction in the rate in China just like it did/does just about everywhere else.
The ghastly human rights violations that led from the policy were completely unnecessary.