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The Limits to Blockchain Scalability

vitalik.ca

161–170 of 465 posts

Re: The Limits to Blockchain Scalability

#161

Blockchain, Decentralization and Smart Contracts have had nearly a decade to prove their value and disrupt the marketplace. So far nothing but whitepapers, pipe dreams and exit scams - nothing my mother can use. What's the point? Nobody is using crypto as an alternative to fiat. Prove me wrong.

Maybe I'm wrong but I see this perspective so often on HN. And I can't help but feel that this is because so many people on HN are already privileged - living in the first world, making software salaries, and generally have a world of opportunities available to them, especially when it comes to their money. But coming from a third world country, the promise of a decentralized, permissionless market seems extremely pr…

> the two never have to know each other, and can interact entirely with a smart contract available 24x7, what's there not to be excited about?

I tell you that I'm totally going to follow what a program tells me and you should give me your money to earn interest. Are you excited about the possible interest from this uninsured, pinky-swear promise exchange?

> Code is Law

"Code is law unless things go really bad." - DAO

Re: The Limits to Blockchain Scalability

#162
post #13

This "blockchain" space is getting so complicated that I can't see anymore what it is about. Is it a database? Is it a p2p network? Is it a currency? Most of the "blockchains" listed on aggregators such as coinmarketcap.com are essentially clients communicating to a few nodes which, for all we know, sync up in a coordinated way to provide the illusion of a decentralized consensus system. Like maybe we need to take a…

Money is much older than agriculture. Recognizable money-like grave goods, in the form of shells of a consistent size with holes for stringing, date back 80,000 years.

That's about is Lindy as it gets. I'm dubious of anyone who supposes we can "rethink society" to make money less crucial. It seems simpler to assure that anyone who doesn't have enough money gets some.

It's a dangerous experiment we're running, to have all currencies in the modern world be government-issued paper. Such currencies have a known and spectacular failure mode, which continues to happen right now, and "it can't happen to us" is just a bet, not a law of nature.

I'm glad that cybercoins exist, as a hedge against that occurring. Gold is the old standard, but difficult to transfer other than hand-to-hand.

Maybe it won't happen, perhaps Modern Monetary Theory is perfectly correct and the Fed and ECB will keep on trucking indefinitely with a manageable and smooth inflation curve. I'd prefer that, of course, a currency collapse tends to be a regime-ending event as often as not, and it's bad for commerce, which I need in order to eat, clothe myself, and travel more than about ten miles in a day.

But I'm grateful that there exists at-least-one distributed and uncensorable way to "track who owes what to whom". We might all be grateful for it one day. Or we might not.

Re: The Limits to Blockchain Scalability

#163
post #85

This has some really questionable assumptions. Like the part about permanence. "An important property of a blockchain that users really value is permanence. A digital asset stored on a server will stop existing in 10 years when the company goes bankrupt or loses interest in maintaining that ecosystem. An NFT on Ethereum, on the other hand, is forever." This is wrong 2 times. First, there is no general requirement of…

I agree with this, a durable record of every transaction ever performed is in fact an anti-feature for a digital ledger. Mimblewimble[0] is one interesting solution to this. Unfortunately, the requirement in current implementations (such as Grin) that both wallets be online to complete a transaction, eliminates some valuable types of transaction, such as sending coin to a cold wallet. I do think for a 'world computer…

The blockhcain may be "forever" but the history is definitely is not. Its a lie because the most likely outcome are that Ethereum dies because the history cripples it to an unusable system (its a lie then) or the the history dependency is removed so it can keep working (its a lie then as well because which part of the history is preserved is up to whoever does want to preserve it and no longer "guaranteed by the system")

BTW history-sharding[1] isn't that complicated. If a DLT is build from the ground up with payment in mind and thus history is completely optional then you dont have to do any tech magic. But ofc this is not the case for Ethereum as it was not made for payment.

[1]https://xrpl.org/history-sharding.html

Re: The Limits to Blockchain Scalability

#164

Earlier quoted context omitted.

The only missing part is the ability to easily spend this tokenized EURO, but that - I'm hoping - will come later. I think recent history of crypto has shown this is not possible without KYC/AML/CTF and all the regulatory bells and whistles. Seriously capital flows tied to real economic activity cannot exist without identity, governments won’t allow it.

Nothing stopping you from using a P2P exchange to turn that Euro into hard cash if you don't want to go through the KYC/AML. In fact that's exactly how I bought my BTC after the government here banned it.

I mean on a larger scale. The great promise of crypto, A billion plus “unbanked” people turning to a crypto enabled shadow banking system, will not happen without drawing the attention of the eye of sauron

Re: The Limits to Blockchain Scalability

#165

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Maybe I'm wrong but I see this perspective so often on HN. And I can't help but feel that this is because so many people on HN are already privileged - living in the first world, making software salaries, and generally have a world of opportunities available to them, especially when it comes to their money. But coming from a third world country, the promise of a decentralized, permissionless market seems extremely pr…

The insoluble problem is that any system of the kind you describe where the final tokens are ultimately spendable will be swamped by criminal use. If you make an end run around the existing regulatory system through code, the people who are inhibited from transfering money by the current regulatory regime will all use your new system. And that traffic will be overwhelmingly criminal. The amount of illicit money needi…

I think money transfer was Blockhain Era 1.0 use case. The use case has advanced - very rapidly - to money automation. This is all really new stuff, much of it barely a year old, and it has come so fast that even I've been surprised.

A smart contract can currently take your tokenized USD (we'll use USDC since its backed by Coinbase), use that as collateral to borrow ETH on AAVE.com (a lending protocol), use 50% of that ETH to buy up USDC again, use this USDC + ETH to create a liquidity pair on Uniswap, and earning 0.3% fees on any swaps made between USDC and ETH.

All in a single transaction.

Re: The Limits to Blockchain Scalability

#166
post #8

Earlier quoted context omitted.

I was trying to summarize, for an employee who got caught in “Elon Musk shouldn’t have manipulated the BTC” (!) (obviously the employee lost 25% of his savings), I was trying to summarize the list of dangers of having savings in BTC. - Laws of any big country could change and trigger the sale for a lot of sellers of a country, - Especially given BTC is used by Iran to bypass petrol restrictions, used by ransomware an…

The price is manipulated by hedge funds and/or whales to fleece unsophisticated investors. Wyckoff pattern has described BTC this tear to a t.

> The price is manipulated

Clearly. Watch the price after Musk's announcements.

> fleece unsophisticated investors

Someone speculating in an unregulated asset that's seen massive growth in the past year should have no expectation of not being on the bad side of a trade.

Re: The Limits to Blockchain Scalability

#167

    For a blockchain to be decentralized, it's crucially important 
    for regular users to be able to run a node, and to have a 
    culture where running nodes is a common activity.
you don't convince users to do stuff. you bribe them.

introduce a small form of reward for running a validating node and voila, nodes popping up everywhere.

Re: The Limits to Blockchain Scalability

#168

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Maybe I'm wrong but I see this perspective so often on HN. And I can't help but feel that this is because so many people on HN are already privileged - living in the first world, making software salaries, and generally have a world of opportunities available to them, especially when it comes to their money. But coming from a third world country, the promise of a decentralized, permissionless market seems extremely pr…

> the two never have to know each other, and can interact entirely with a smart contract available 24x7, what's there not to be excited about? I tell you that I'm totally going to follow what a program tells me and you should give me your money to earn interest. Are you excited about the possible interest from this uninsured, pinky-swear promise exchange? > Code is Law "Code is law unless things go really bad." - DAO

> I tell you that I'm totally going to follow what a program tells me and you should give me your money to earn interest. Are you excited about the possible interest from this uninsured, pinky-swear promise exchange?

It's a smart contract. You can review it publicly. If there are vulnerabilities, if the ownership is not renounced, it would be visible. Can you say the same about your investment bank?

You don't have to trust the coder or the platform or the exchange. Code is Law. Trust the code.

Re: The Limits to Blockchain Scalability

#169

Earlier quoted context omitted.

The insoluble problem is that any system of the kind you describe where the final tokens are ultimately spendable will be swamped by criminal use. If you make an end run around the existing regulatory system through code, the people who are inhibited from transfering money by the current regulatory regime will all use your new system. And that traffic will be overwhelmingly criminal. The amount of illicit money needi…

I think money transfer was Blockhain Era 1.0 use case. The use case has advanced - very rapidly - to money automation. This is all really new stuff, much of it barely a year old, and it has come so fast that even I've been surprised. A smart contract can currently take your tokenized USD (we'll use USDC since its backed by Coinbase), use that as collateral to borrow ETH on AAVE.com (a lending protocol), use 50% of th…

This use case is gambling with extra steps, except the software that runs a slot machine is far better vetted for correctness than a smart contract.

Without money transfer, this system remains a toy system. With money transfer, it becomes a regulatory bypass. No amount of complexity layered on top fixes this.

Re: The Limits to Blockchain Scalability

#170

The really obvious weakness in any blockchain setup is the software. Whoever controls the software upgrade channel will always have potential control of the blockchain, whether that's the official entity in charge, or some intermediary. If you want really widespread distribution of full nodes, you need to make a consumer-friendly distribution of the node software, and package it and keep it updated in a way that regu…

Miners control bitcoin more than people realize.
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