I still don't see how any government granting committee can outperform hundreds of private venture funds competing for exposure to new opportunities. Even if you have a government dept. of 10x geniuses, they don't scale to compete with a healthy investment community. As described, the risks I see are that, it has the incentives for a patronage slush fund, there will be selection bias to hedge political risk around pe…
Venture capital funding is a great way for product research and development to be outsourced---nobody is going to notice if the project fails but if it doesn't there is money to be had. Near-basic research has an extremely long time horizon (internet research started in the 1970s and didn't become publicly useful until the 1990s) and may never be profitable. Further, nobody wants the results of a long term research project until they already have it and can see the utility.