PSA: When comparing US and EU salaries (or anywhere, really), use total cost to employer (excluding fixed office costs), or total benefit to employee (incl. taxes paid in their name and health/retirement costs). US salaries are mostly discussed before taxes, while often for EU countries it's after taxes and/or after mandatory health insurance and retirement savings.
Does the US have significant employer tax? A data point from Norway: Employer tax of 14% of pre-tax salary is paid by employer. Employer also has to pay 2-13% (dependent on individual negotiation) of pre-tax salary for retirement savings. These are both part of the cost to the employer, and are rarely considered part of "total compensation". So employers have to pay an extra 16-27% of each person's salary in addition…
There should be no "employer taxes". That's money that otherwise could be going to the employer so all taxes and the like should be reported coming out of the employee's salary.
Example: the US has 6.2% Social Security taxes levied on both the employer and employee. This should be reported as 12.4/106.2 = 11.7% of the employee's income.
BTW companies do this too. Airlines charge fuel surcharges (there's no such thing; the fares are just more expensive). US ISPs are famous for things like "Infrastructure Surcharges" and other charges you can't avoid. The FTC/FCC should step in and make it illegal to underreport true costs with mandatory charges like these.
Another beef with the US government I have in particular is the "standard deduction". This is actually a way of hiding a regressive tax on lower income people. Think about it: you're eroding the value of itemized deductions but lower income people are disproportionately affected.