My understanding was the great firewall isn't so advanced. It is essentially a filter system, run in quite a manual fashion (i.e eyeballs on screens assessing if things should be blocked).
I'm not refuting attacks originating from china, there is piles of evidence that support this.
Things to keep in mind - there are more internet users in china, than anywhere else, so there is going to be more of 'everything' from china. One needs to convert the stats into per-capita ratios before making meaningful conclusions about % of attacks etc.
My main issue (in my original post) is the jump from "Attack from Chinese IP addresses on gmail accounts" to "China attacked us [The US]" - without any qualification.
It promotes a nationalistic 'Us against Them' mentality that is primarily based on hysteria rather than fact.