Bluetooth on Macs is infuriatingly broken, even with Apple's own products. I have the AirPods Pro with a 2019 13" MBP and run into similar issues: if I'm just listening to music, everything is fine. As soon as the microphones come on to do a call, the audio quality goes down the tube and there is a loud crackling noise in the right AirPod that never goes away (and I know this isn't the crackling problem with AirPods…
The workaround I discovered was that if I plugged in my bluetooth trackpad via USB during a call, these issues would basically never happen.
Not to mention all the other general issues with them failing to stay connected to my Mac, or failing to connect initially. These issues also happened on multiple MacBook Pros, including new top-of-the-line 16" models. Whereas I have basically zero problems with AirPods on my iPhone or AppleTV.
In short: the macOS bluetooth stack has some serious shortcomings that aren't present in iOS.