Are the microbes themselves that old, or simply made of old material? Edit: quoting the article, it doesn't say the microbes themselves are 100M years old, only that they're in sediment which is that old. Big difference! "99.1% of the microbes in sediment deposited 101.5 million years ago were still alive and were ready to eat"
From the paper > Very low permeability (1.1–2.0 × 10−17 m2 for IODP Site U1365 4H-3 [26.6 meters below seafloor (mbsf)] and 8.9 × 10−18 m2 for IODP Site U1370 [37.5 mbsf], respectively), very low estimated pore size of the abyssal clay (~0.02 microns, calculated using above permeability data according to the equation shown in Tanikawa et al.), and thick porcellanite layers above the oldest sampled horizons appear to…
appear to preclude = we don't know how it could
100 million years is a long, long time for bacteria to find a route past a barrier and migrate sideways through a more hospitable substrate.
They found oxygen and decided that meant there was no oxidation (eating) going on. I wonder if they have any specialists on the team who would know specifically about permeability (the quoted person is a 'microbial ecologist', which sounds like it would know quite a few things about organic and inorganic chemistry, I don't expect they'd be an expert on geologic timescales. The way an architect in theory knows about physics of building materials but still gets into scraps with the general contractor.