why would this lead to prosecution by world governments? well, ok, maybe it will for a while, but if the tech really were to take off, it would just end up being taxed in the end anyway. Taxing it isn't harder than taxing cash transfers. this is all very cryptonomicon to me.
Government can't survive anonymous money not only due to impossibility to tax it, but also due to assassination prediction market: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_market If bitcoin will succeed, we will see a political singularity in several years.
As a thought experiment it is interesting, and I'd encourage anyone to read the actual essay (http://jya.com/ap.htm) but, and feel free to call me optimistic, pessimistic, closed minded, soft, or whatever your world view leads you to think of my opinion, the idea reeks of an academic exercise that would just not be accepted universally enough to work.