> Do devs really say horrible things like this at the workplace?
Workplaces vary a lot.
In some, yes people do. This sort of thing and much stronger stuff is circulated in company-wide "joke" emails too. However there does tend to be an element of self-deprecation, in that you'll get people circulating jokes about inept women, and also jokes about inept men. Rarely in the same email of course.
In others, you'd be fired after a few repeats, as you say.
With Europe, as someone commented, some of these things can be understood in a slightly more humorous way if it's about other "friendly" European cultures, because some of the cultures are quite friendly with each other. They're not at war, so it's intended (and really meant and to some extent understood) in a more playful way. There's plenty of it, including on magazine covers.
Between England and France there's been culture jokes for a long time; I've always imagined that's a healthy modern echo of more serious hostility from a long time ago.
Similar to the way you'll see black music groups using the N word affectionately, and it's not offensive because of who is using it.
But for example even in Europe, if someone in say Germany started making ambiguous joke/not-joke jokes about modern fascists in Hungary, I don't think it would be regarded as just friendly humour for long because it touches a nerve. And when I lived in France I heard people talk about Serbians as though they are "all" quite unpleasant. So the European cultures aren't all friendly with each other. There's history there, and some kind of inter-cultural meme evolution.