Japan's banks have a similar system, based on half-width katakana. Fortunately most banks can fetch the name from each other, but sometimes transfers fail due to issues similar to those found in this article.
The length of names is a common cause. In Japan, a normal full name is usually 4 or 5 characters long, with some exceptional cases being slightly longer. Systems often have a character limit which can exclude many non-Japanese names, especially if you have a middle name.