Controversial comment here, but I would say Vim isn't popular at all. I would say instead, Vim advocates are incredibly vocal (a bit like Vegans and Crossfitters) and won't hesitate to talk about it at all times. I've been engineering now since 2002 so approaching 20 years and sure, every office has one guy who's the "hardcore" Vim guy. Everyone else in the office uses Visual Studio or VSCode, Atom, Sublime, IntelliJ…
The fact that most popular editors and IDEs (every one you mention) have VI/VIM plugins suggests otherwise.
It's (usually) not the editor itself that people find appealing. It's the key bindings. It's the fact that you can navigate around a file without reaching for the mouse.