Ubuntu is great at power management (or, more accurately, Linux in general), but if your laptop isn't supported for whatever reason Ubuntu is just screwed and there's nothing it can do.
5: The problem is actually that there are two copy and paste buffer in X Windows. There's the mouse selection buffer, which is copied on any highlight operation, and pasted via right mouse button, and the "conventional clipboard", populated by an explicit copy and pasted via explicit paste. This is further screwed up by the fact that few programmers have understood this and a large number of programs have tried to "fix" what they perceived as bugs in the clipboard in various horrific ways. See [1]. In particular, it seems like the programs that correctly deselect text when somebody else grabs primary has been going down lately. I've had a pretty good run with this actually working as designed on KDE lately, but recent Gnomes seem to be going back to mucking with it and I've been having trouble, and Chromium itself also seems dubious.
3 and 7 sounds like more poorly-supported hardware. Unfortunately, your Linux experience with proprietary hardware with no released documentation will always be bad. The situation is ever-improving but still not perfect. It is possible and maybe even likely your laptop will never work properly under Linux.
[1]: http://www.jwz.org/doc/x-cut-and-paste.html