These two options for saving the economy: corporate bailout vs social safety net essentially correspond with belief in trickle down vs Keynesian stimulus. Stated even more bluntly, it is essentially whether you believe customers or assets are most important for business.
It is why the current path begins to resemble 1929 where consumer buying power spiraled downward. If the social isolation period ends with millions of consumers cashless, and in debt then there will be no one for businesses to sell to. In this cases, businesses would have to use any bailout money to employ people unnecessarily for the months it would take until consumers have spare cash: The months of paychecks it will take for them to pay outstanding mortgage payments, back rent, personal loans, credit cards etc plus interest on those. Bailing out consumers/employees avoids this convolution, does not assume that business will act in this uncharacteristic money losing way and, avoids extra expense/risk since consumer loans are higher interest rates/risk than government borrowing.
Furthermore, the trend away from brick and mortar toward online consumption may be enormously sped up by this social isolation period. In this case, many of the businesses bailed out will never fully recover. Consumer spending power is a much better way for the market to evolve than a government guessing which companies are will be viable at the end of this.