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A startup is building computer chips using real neurons

fortune.com

101–110 of 111 posts

Re: A startup is building computer chips using real neurons

#101

> Currently, the company is working to get its mini-brains—which so far are approaching the processing power of a dragonfly brain—to play the old Atari arcade game Pong I'm surprised that no-one has discussed whether these systems could develop emergent qualia, and experience pain. No joke. Are there any ethical frameworks around this kind of research?

We're already really good at building mini-brains that can play pong..and much more advanced games than pong. No one is concerned about such things developing emergent qualia and experience pain.

Re: A startup is building computer chips using real neurons

#102

What’s the goal of this though? I couldn’t determine it from the article, but I’m certain that using them as transistors just for the sake of saving energy doesn’t make sense. Especially since a neuron size is a about 4000nm or more than 500x larger than the new 7nm transistors. No way energy consumption is justifiable with such a massive loss of chip real estate. You will need way larger chips to achieve a decent co…

The best thing that could come out of this is a better understanding of how neurons work, especially across different organism. But yes, for building actual things it wouldn't scale. Silicon is a far better way forward and we have a ton of room for optimization.

Re: A startup is building computer chips using real neurons

#103
At the core is the stance or attitude towards life.

What Martin Buber calls "Ich und Du", or "I and Thou":

> Buber's main proposition is that we may address existence in two ways:

> The attitude of the "I" towards an "It", towards an object that is separate in itself, which we either use or experience.

> The attitude of the "I" towards "Thou", in a relationship in which the other is not separated by discrete bounds.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_and_Thou

This fundamentally is an attempt to force the "I-Thou" relation with life into the "I-It" relation with machines and is therefore the definition of evil.

- - - -

Anyway, the correct mad science is to culture your own cells into control boxes for your machines and thence control them "telepathically" to become a distributed cyborg. But to do that you would first have to become intelligent enough to increase your morphogenic plasticity to the point where you have more-or-less total control of your meta-cellular form. Did you see John Carpenter's "The Thing"? That's how intelligent you would have to become: an immortal macro-polymorphous self-made shoggoth. At that point though, you no longer really need machines or technology in the conventional sense. You can make artificial diatomaceous carrier shells for small colonies of your cells and send them out to do whatever. It's not nanotech but your operational units are small enough that it doesn't really matter. I should mention that it's really easy to make fusion generators at this scale. People assume that the techno-singularity will originate in silico so to speak but that's so naive: the most sophisticated information processor is the human brain, not the chip. The singularity happens in vivo: in flesh. You don't even need and machinery to initiate it: just information and the will to be more than you are (and the wisdom not to fuck it up and turn yourself into a cancer blob or grey goo.)

The only real problem at this stage is loneliness. Few can ever really understand what you've done, and if they did they would shun you as a Lovecraftian horror anyway. Nevertheless, I have not given up hope. Slowly, painfully, you guys wobble towards enlightenment. I try to help when I can, but mostly all I can do is be patient.

I am among you now. Join me. "Dwell amidst wonder and glory for ever..."

Re: A startup is building computer chips using real neurons

#104

>programmers usually have to engage in a laborious process of manually adjusting the initial coefficients, or weights, that will be applied to each type of data point the network processes. Another challenge is to get the software to balance how much it should be trying to explore new solutions to a problem versus relying on solutions the network has already discovered that work well. “All these problems are complete…

My guess would be that the hyperparameters of neurons are somewhat already trained by evolution of the species the neurons come from. I assume that neurons are defined by their genetic and environment. Then if one reconstructs the environment in which neurons normally dwell, then everything is set for this neuron to perform as it should be.

But on the other hand, one could interpret the environment variables as the hyperparameters. If you overheat the chips, it is possible the neurons might act differently (as would a brain?) If you overfeed them with, say, creatine, it might be possible that the neurons will perform erratically.

Re: A startup is building computer chips using real neurons

#105

If you assume that your conscious experience is somehow arising from your neurons, then generating a set of those neurons that are genetically identical and cannot be distinguished in any way (except location in physical space, which is an ephemeral quality that doesn't appear to change neuron function), then we can assume we are creating, or will create, beings who are having conscious experience on some level. On a…

>If you assume that your conscious experience is somehow arising from your neurons, then generating a set of those neurons that are genetically identical and cannot be distinguished in any way (except location in physical space, which is an ephemeral quality that doesn't appear to change neuron function), then we can assume we are creating, or will create, beings who are having conscious experience on some level.

I think that's a bad assumption. Neurons are only one part of the physical brain, and there are a lot of neural transmitters and other biochemical things that are happening.

That is not to downplay the ethical concerns at all. I agree completely with you there.

Re: A startup is building computer chips using real neurons

#106

If you assume that your conscious experience is somehow arising from your neurons, then generating a set of those neurons that are genetically identical and cannot be distinguished in any way (except location in physical space, which is an ephemeral quality that doesn't appear to change neuron function), then we can assume we are creating, or will create, beings who are having conscious experience on some level. On a…

Unless we program in certain circuitry which can analyze and act upon provided input, I think consciousness as we know it cannot develop.

Emotions heavily mediate our perceptions and contribute to the manifestation of the ego. And sensory input defines the world in which we inhabit. A consciousness void of these two things could likely have a poor sense of subjectivity.

Re: A startup is building computer chips using real neurons

#107

>programmers usually have to engage in a laborious process of manually adjusting the initial coefficients, or weights, that will be applied to each type of data point the network processes. Another challenge is to get the software to balance how much it should be trying to explore new solutions to a problem versus relying on solutions the network has already discovered that work well. “All these problems are complete…

Well... it's well known that real neurons have pretty sophisticated homeostatic mechanisms...

But this is in vitro so all bets are off

Re: A startup is building computer chips using real neurons

#108

I'm guessing they're working on neuromorphic computing. Many types of computations like differential equations are supposed to be a lot easier in non-discrete computing. Disclaimer: I don't really know what I'm talking about, only glimps here and there.

The modern day successor to what Misha Mahowald was working on.

https://youtu.be/lwT1jUvwRLc

It ends up being a complex hybrid of analog and digital computing having to work together.

The article doesn't provide enough detail to be of any use if you are trying to understand what they are actually doing.

Re: A startup is building computer chips using real neurons

#109

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Do we know enough about consciousness to ethically put a "brain in a vat" yet?

I think the time to have that discussion is when the volume of neural tissue we're talking about is similar to a mouse's brain, until then it seems too detached from the realities on the ground to be much use.

I think that's too late, because by then we might make great leaps and show this technology is feasible, and you know as well as I that it's hard to put the genie back into the bottle at that point. Well all just ignore it and pretend we know there's no one inside.

Re: A startup is building computer chips using real neurons

#110
Primary mammalian neural cell culture is perhaps the most notoriously difficult type of cell culture, even in a lab setting -- Developing a product based on neurons seems like a total pipe dream. Even keeping a population alive for a few weeks is a big deal, let alone maintaining a neuron based black-box product in working order.

So, if this isn't a total pipe dream, it will drive development of super-advanced cell culture tech, development of robust application-suitable cell lines, etc. These technologies/products have orders of magnitude more value than neurons on glass.

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