"Capitalist Science"

This seems to be (?) roughly a proposal to allow basic scientific results to be patentable, coupled with mandatory licensing at a fixed rate. From the appendix:

How does this differ from patents? Speaking loosely, patents are granted for inventions that do something you might want to do. A patent gives the patent holder the right to exclude others from utilizing the invention. In contrast, capitalist science gives people who increase our knowledge of how nature works a claim on a fixed fraction of future cash flows from the sale of those products and services that rely on this knowledge.

So, for example, if you discovered DNA, you could "patent" the discovery, and then anyone who built a product, service, or other thing that relied on the knowledge that DNA exists would have to pay royalties.