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Study: Low Carb Diet May Prevent, Reverse Age-Related Effects Within the Brain

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Re: Study: Low Carb Diet May Prevent, Reverse Age-Related Effects Within the Brain

#231

Earlier quoted context omitted.

The issue that people, at least Americans, run into is that consuming a “normal amount of carbs” is shockingly hard if you’re not consciously trying to avoid them. Foods that don’t really need sugar in them often have it in huge amounts because it delivers more flavor oomph (and separately delivers a dopamine hit). This is especially true in the aftermath of the war on fat because, shocker, fat tastes really good and…

Totally agree this is the issue. Most people don't realize that a plain bagel (55g) has more carbs that a slice of pie (43g). https://www.eatthis.com/foods-high-in-carbs/

Do you believe that a plain bagel is less healthy than a slice of pie as a result? The pie will definitely have more added sugars. A plain bagel would make for a reasonable breakfast. Pie?

Re: Study: Low Carb Diet May Prevent, Reverse Age-Related Effects Within the Brain

#232
I am a bit conflicted. According to the comments, one should do very low carb diet to adapt to Ketones as energy. For example, fasting would not be enough for this purpose. But that implies the need for a ketogenic diet.

Very low carb diets are difficult to do, at least if you are not very rich: Most of them require a lot of meat. Now, that differs by country. These diets are probably easiest to do in the USA with its huge industrial meat industry. In other countries, like here in Europe, you'd probably need to be a millionaire to buy that much meat in the first place. I don't know anyone doing this successfully.

But in any case: is it ethical? I doubt that this would be sustainable for everyone. If everyone would eat mostly red meat, we'd probably roast our planet pretty quickly. I don't think free range farming would support 7 billion carnivores, nor would the fish in the sea.

I realize the people doing Low Carb are not necessarily the same who care about sustainability. But if there is such a benefit to Ketogenic diets - for all our sakes - we should think about what happens if everyone wants to do it.

Of course there are options. There are low carb Vegans (e.g. https://www.reddit.com/r/veganketo/), but boy is it a chore to do. Also, I doubt this can be done with anything resembling local and unprocessed products. Furthermore, a lot of vegan protein products are high in soy. Which is fine really for any amount you'd normally consume. But if you are serious about low carb, you might eat so much that we get into that "questionable" range in terms of recent research.

Perhaps carbs need not be too low. Yeah we can eat a lot of veggies, probably. But it'll be a challenge, I think. Or not?

Say, you eat meat once a week. How do you do a ketogenic diet without losing your mind in planning etc?

Re: Study: Low Carb Diet May Prevent, Reverse Age-Related Effects Within the Brain

#233

Earlier quoted context omitted.

> If you have never entered ketosis and experienced your brain running on ketones, I would suggest you experiment for yourself. I would say a minimum 2-3 months which should be enough time for your microbiome to change and your body/brain to adapt primarily running on ketones. I've been on Keto for about 8 months (before giving up), measuring my blood ketones and being in deep ketosis between meals (over 2 mmol/L). I…

Your last paragraph is just unbelievably flat-out wrong. Maybe you didn't suffer from keto flu, but it can last for a couple weeks to a couple months (my case) and has zero to do with dehydration. You're literally retraining your body to efficiently burn stored body fat when it never had to much before. This takes time. The idea that it happens in days is laughable, as is the idea that your microbiome adjusts that qu…

No, you probably suffered from nutrient deficiencies, symptoms that went away once you diversified.

A total guess of what happened to you, but what's not a guess is about the adaptation taking months and being about anything more than dehydration or nutrient deficiency being total bullshit.

Re: Study: Low Carb Diet May Prevent, Reverse Age-Related Effects Within the Brain

#234

I think the prevailing theory will eventually be that a diet rich in monosaccharides is detrimental to health. It's been demonstrated that low carb, high meat diets are not the optimal diet, in that most adults will eat red meat or some type of processed meat and little fiber. Both add to the numerator when looking at myocardial infarction, stroke, and colorectal cancer. When one is in kidney failure it is recommende…

I miss my up to date access. Tangential -- I do not think people realize a resource like UpToDate exists. Well written up to date summaries of various medical topics based on the latest research. Were something like this to be publicly accessible it would do wonders. If anyone is working on or wants to work on this type of problem please let me know, I'd love to help out (programmer, former MD).

Re: Study: Low Carb Diet May Prevent, Reverse Age-Related Effects Within the Brain

#236
post #205

Is it too much to ask that anyone promoting low-carb based on personal experience post bloodwork? I think it's pretty clear no one on here is well-versed in nutrition as we're all programmers, so maybe it'd be good to have some intellectual integrity. I'm interested in prolactin, thyroid, liver, cholesterol, CO2.

I've gone through several thousand papers the past year or two so I feel like I'm more well-versed in nutrition than most nutritionists/dieticians at this point, certainly in my understanding the recent clinical/research literature. I rarely post any nutritional/health related statements without citations to peer-reviewed work (see: https://news.ycombinator.com/threads?id=lhl ) I think most people don't publish labs…

This is really cool and I think you're doing more due diligence than any HN user I've ever seen. The confounding variable is that you lost a lot of weight, of course, and I think many people who lose weight will be healthier at least in the short term. A question I've had in my head for a while is whether someone who has to stay on a ketogenic diet to be a healthy weight has "healed" or has just masked the underlying issue.

Would be interested to see your thyroid numbers as you continue on your ketogenic/fasting diet. "In range" does not necessarily mean optimal, and in general I'd be worried about T3 uptake going from 33 to 23 even though both are in range. The liver converts T4 to T3 in response to glucose availability -- this happens in many tissues, but they all depend on a liver enzyme, and most of the conversion occurs in the liver.

Low CO2 is a sign of kidney stress and acidosis. I also believe it's a marker of a low metabolic rate, much like thyroid.

Prolactin is a longer discussion I don't want to get into here (much like you on your LDL-C :)) but I'll definitely be following your posts as I think you're doing your part and have done more research than I have so maybe I'll comment on your blog sometime. Put very briefly I believe high prolactin in men can be a sign of chronic stress and calcium deficiency. It's been linked to gynecomastia, for example, which makes a lot of sense. In general I like to look for tests that show whether something's wrong, rather than what's specifically wrong. Someone might have alright D but still have issues properly metabolizing calcium.

Re: Study: Low Carb Diet May Prevent, Reverse Age-Related Effects Within the Brain

#237

Earlier quoted context omitted.

> If you have never entered ketosis and experienced your brain running on ketones, I would suggest you experiment for yourself. I would say a minimum 2-3 months which should be enough time for your microbiome to change and your body/brain to adapt primarily running on ketones. I've been on Keto for about 8 months (before giving up), measuring my blood ketones and being in deep ketosis between meals (over 2 mmol/L). I…

There is plenty of work showing that physical endurance increases after extended periods on keto. Athletes have carefully tracked their performance numbers day by day and demonstrated real changes. And as someone who participates in activities that require large amounts of endurance, I know on keto my ability to perform for extended periods of time is higher. These aren't "I think" numbers, they are "polar heart rate…

> There is plenty of work showing that physical endurance increases after extended periods on keto

Not really.

Yes, athletes do suffer an adaptation, but it's basically about returning to near baseline levels (i.e. from sucking badly to sucking less). And as a matter of fact, the peak performance never recovers to full capacity ;-)

Here's a list of studies on this subject — all of them showing a dicrease in performance:

- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2279002/

- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14967870

- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4113752/

There's also this one that shows no difference in endurance performance at low/moderate intensity, a far cry from your claim:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6865776

And endurance exercise could see a benefit in some circumstances, although this is highly debatable, however also in athletes a keto diet can lead to lean mass being lost:

https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/master201019/109/

Re: Study: Low Carb Diet May Prevent, Reverse Age-Related Effects Within the Brain

#238
post #232

I am a bit conflicted. According to the comments, one should do very low carb diet to adapt to Ketones as energy. For example, fasting would not be enough for this purpose. But that implies the need for a ketogenic diet. Very low carb diets are difficult to do, at least if you are not very rich: Most of them require a lot of meat. Now, that differs by country. These diets are probably easiest to do in the USA with it…

There are two things being conflated, eating cheap keto and eating vegan keto.

Cheap keto its eating tons of eggs, berries, cauliflower, zuchinni and soy beans. Eggs are really the main thing though...tons and tons of eggs. Luckily there are hundreds of different ways to make them.

Re: Study: Low Carb Diet May Prevent, Reverse Age-Related Effects Within the Brain

#239
post #228

Earlier quoted context omitted.

>GNG is an on-demand production of glucose, and absolutely does NOT kick the body out of ketosis, or cause the brain to run on glucose. I never said GNG kicks people out of ketosis, I said protein to fat ratios will prohibit ketosis. Yes, in ketosis your body continues to produce minimal amounts of glucose, I never said anything to the contrary. However, GNG has a lot to do with ketosis vis-a-vis protein to fat ratio…

> If you over consume fat or carbs, they get stored as fat in fat cells. What happens when you over consume protein? Protein can not be stored as fat, it must first be converted to glucose, which the body will try to burn before it is stored in fat cells. No, this is wrong. GNG is capped in the body, i.e., strictly regulated. It does not increase based upon protein intake beyond that cap. Excess protein is neither co…

>excess protein is not converted to fat via GNG, but is used for protein synthesis, and increases lean body mass.

>In conclusion, after a high-protein diet, GNG was increased... https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/british-journal-of-n...

Re: Study: Low Carb Diet May Prevent, Reverse Age-Related Effects Within the Brain

#240

Earlier quoted context omitted.

As it turns out, insulin resistance, like that associated with type-2 diabetes, is also related to inflammation (apparently due to cytokines: https://www.webmd.com/diabetes/inflammation-and-diabetes ), which in turn is correlated with heart disease. As I understand it (disclaimer: I'm not a doctor), the inflammation results in damage to the blood vessels, which your body repairs by using cholesterol, among other thin…

Dietary cholesterol is very directly correlated with blood cholesterol levels. You can feed someone cholesterol and directly watch their levels spike. But your body will clear it if you give it time which is why your fasting cholesterol may not show this if you have naturally low levels. But during that window if time that cholesterol is active in your blood it's not doing you any favors. This is why heart attacks ve…

That is what we used to think. But it's not true: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22037012 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8857917 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26109578 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7585286

Note that dietary cholesterol only correlates to blood cholesterol in about 40% of the population. And even within that group, "Even though dietary cholesterol modestly increases LDL in these individuals, it does not seem to increase their risk of heart disease" (https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/dietary-cholesterol-doe... -- emphasis is mine)

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