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How Do We Know That Epic Poems Were Recited from Memory?

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Re: How Do We Know That Epic Poems Were Recited from Memory?

#31
I saw a documentary about 10 years ago featuring an older Irish speaker who could recite Gaelic-language epic tales from memory. Not sure if they were poems, but they were kind of sing-songy (and required a younger man, a professor of Irish literature, to serve as an interpreter on camera).

Some information here about the tradition:

http://www.askaboutireland.ie/reading-room/history-heritage/...

Re: How Do We Know That Epic Poems Were Recited from Memory?

#32

Did scholars really believe that verbal transmission of poetry/religious was rare? It's a well documented trait of tons of Proto-Indo-European cultures such as Celtic, Norse, Germanic, Greek, Iranian, and Indic.

There's even a Platonic dialogue, the "Ion", in which Socrates converses with a rhapsode whose entire life career is reciting Homer. Seems unlikely that Plato would just make up something like that from whole cloth.

Re: How Do We Know That Epic Poems Were Recited from Memory?

#33
post #18

Earlier quoted context omitted.

I’m assuming English is a second language for you, and I will piece together the author’s assumptions for you as best I can. Please forgive incorrect assumptions. It had been assumed that Homer’s “writings” were indeed written down by whoever was Homer. Whether Homer was one person, or a collection of writers collectively named Homer, is the subject of debate. But it has been widely assumed that it was initially writ…

Thanks for the details. I would like to chat more, I tried to type here but content were going out of context, if you are interested email me at svetrivel.91 @ gmail.com.

I’m just a translator, I don’t have any particular interest the subject. So don’t think I’m ignoring you when I don’t email. :-)

Re: How Do We Know That Epic Poems Were Recited from Memory?

#34
post #2

This is how the books of the Odyssey are structured: TROY ---- 1. Kikones (innocent city is ambushed) 2. Lotus Eaters (temptation, delay) 3. Cyclops (monster) 4. Aeolus (greedy crew delays journey) 5. Laestrygonians (monster) 6. Circe (temptation) 7. HADES 8. Sirens (temptation) 9. Scylla (monster) 10. Cattle/Sun (greedy crew delays journey) 11. Charybdis (monster) 12. Calypso (temptation, delay) 13. Phaecia (innocen…

Charybdis (a whirpool) and Scylla (a multi-headed monster) was the same episode in Homer's Odyssey. That was the whole point of the episode: Ulysses had to decide whether to risk his entire ship and crew or definitely sacrificing a few for guaranteed passage of the rest. The classic trolley dilemma for an audience of bronze-age seafarers.

Or perhaps I read a completely different "Odyssey" by a different "Homer"?

Re: How Do We Know That Epic Poems Were Recited from Memory?

#35
post #6

I read some of the classic epics before learning about their mode of delivery and memorization, and was a bit perplexed at some of the repetitions and formulae. Then I learned that, for example, some characters would have multiple epithets (grey-eyed, neat-ankled, all-seeing, etc) that in Greek would be selected essentially not because they were the best descriptor, but because they were the ones that would complete…

Yep, all of the "wine-dark sea"s and "rosy-fingered dawn"s might have worked as filler while the poet was queueing up the next part of the narrative.

Wine-colored sea is a different story, I think. I've seen other languages also describe the sea as red, orange, etc. This is more of a situation with color naming: cultures separate colors on the spectrum into named categories in a more or less consistent way (e.g. blue and green come apart towards the end, and some languages still have the two merged). Red is one of the first colors to be named.

Apparently there is still scholarly debate around this topic: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistic_relativity_and_the_...

Re: How Do We Know That Epic Poems Were Recited from Memory?

#36

I read some of the classic epics before learning about their mode of delivery and memorization, and was a bit perplexed at some of the repetitions and formulae. Then I learned that, for example, some characters would have multiple epithets (grey-eyed, neat-ankled, all-seeing, etc) that in Greek would be selected essentially not because they were the best descriptor, but because they were the ones that would complete…

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_blues_verses

> In the folk tradition, there are many traditional blues verses that have been sung over and over by many artists. Blues singers, who include many country and folk artists as well as those commonly identified with blues singers, use these traditional lyrics to fill out their blues performances. Artists like Jimmie Rodgers, the "blue yodeler", and Big Joe Turner, "the Boss of the Blues" compiled virtual encyclopedias of lyrics. Turner reputedly could sing the blues for hours without repeating himself.

> Although many blues songs, such as "Jelly Jelly" or "St. Louis Blues" are composed in the usual fashion with lyrics focusing on a single theme and telling a story, many others, like "Roll 'Em Pete" or "T for Texas" combine one or two new verses with a flock of traditional ones.

> Traditional blues verses are most common in twelve bar blues with the characteristic repeated first line (indicated here by x2).

> See that spider crawlin' up that wall (x2)

> He's crawlin up there to get his ashes hauled.

> If you see me comin', heist your window high (x2)

> If you see me goin', baby, hang your head and cry.

Similar problem, similar solution.

Re: How Do We Know That Epic Poems Were Recited from Memory?

#37
post #2

This is how the books of the Odyssey are structured: TROY ---- 1. Kikones (innocent city is ambushed) 2. Lotus Eaters (temptation, delay) 3. Cyclops (monster) 4. Aeolus (greedy crew delays journey) 5. Laestrygonians (monster) 6. Circe (temptation) 7. HADES 8. Sirens (temptation) 9. Scylla (monster) 10. Cattle/Sun (greedy crew delays journey) 11. Charybdis (monster) 12. Calypso (temptation, delay) 13. Phaecia (innocen…

This is called a Chiastic structure (from the greek letter chi which looks like an X - i.e., the shape the chiastic structure makes if you indent each succeeding level).

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiastic_structure

"These often symmetrical patterns are commonly found in ancient literature such as the epic poetry of the Iliad and the Odyssey."

Re: How Do We Know That Epic Poems Were Recited from Memory?

#39
post #26

> This also provides us with an elegant explanation for the Bellerophon story: epic poetry preserved the idea of writing even though the technology had been lost for over 500 years Wait, what?

The ancient Greek civilization was one of the only ones to have lost writing. Linear A and Linear B were the original forms; the current Greek alphabet was adopted later based on the Phoenician one.

See: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_Dark_Ages

Re: How Do We Know That Epic Poems Were Recited from Memory?

#40
post #6

I read some of the classic epics before learning about their mode of delivery and memorization, and was a bit perplexed at some of the repetitions and formulae. Then I learned that, for example, some characters would have multiple epithets (grey-eyed, neat-ankled, all-seeing, etc) that in Greek would be selected essentially not because they were the best descriptor, but because they were the ones that would complete…

Yep, all of the "wine-dark sea"s and "rosy-fingered dawn"s might have worked as filler while the poet was queueing up the next part of the narrative.

The "bard" usually also had an instrument, so it's highly likely that if he was having trouble composing/recalling the next few stanzas, he may have stalled for time by performing an interlude on his lute.
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