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Apollo 11 Guidance Computer vs. USB-C Chargers

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Re: Apollo 11 Guidance Computer vs. USB-C Chargers

#101
post #59

Earlier quoted context omitted.

There are architectures that are just fundamentally C-hostile. Perhaps the most famous one is 6502. No efficient way to implement stack based parameter passing, generic pointer arithmetic, and lots of other bits and pieces. You can still use C on 6502, it's just not very fast. I guess you could define another language that mostly looks like C, but built around particular CPU architecture quirks.

What are some languages (other than its own instructions) that 6502 is friendly to?

FORTH was pretty widely used on 6502-based machines.

Re: Apollo 11 Guidance Computer vs. USB-C Chargers

#102
Yes, and the firmware for the USB-C wasn't sewn by hand into the plug (core rope memory). They did this for reliability purposes. It's amazing the craftsmanship that went into much of that rocket by people of all walks of life.

http://www.righto.com/2019/07/software-woven-into-wire-core-...

Here's another great article on the hand-welds on the F1. In only a short amount of time we've outsourced so much of these production tasks to other software/machines. But it's really amazing to contemplate and appreciate what a work of human hands Apollo was.

https://www.wired.co.uk/article/f-1-moon-rocket

It's hard for me to grasp it, but I can't help but think it beautiful when I meditate on all the _people_ involved in the moon landing, each person playing a small part in a very complex symphony.

Re: Apollo 11 Guidance Computer vs. USB-C Chargers

#104
post #67
post #3

This is awesome! The media loves to say your pocketwatch is more powerful than X form $date. This is a fun technical rundown. I think at some point we have to start talking about how far from optimized we are https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MenuetOS comes to mind when talking about what can be done in fasm. Are we ever going to get compilers to the point where we can squash things down to that size and efficiency? Is t…

Apollo 11 used a heck of a lot more materials and energy than a USB charger.

And it had a lot more redundancy and probably dealt with radiation better than a USB charger. Different designs for different applications.

Re: Apollo 11 Guidance Computer vs. USB-C Chargers

#105
post #60

Earlier quoted context omitted.

- How many Apollo 11 guidance computers would you need to run Doom?

I believe you require a 32 bit computer and I think those were 15. So no doom :(

So you'd need 2.13 of them is what you're saying.

Re: Apollo 11 Guidance Computer vs. USB-C Chargers

#106
post #44

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Maybe. 20 years ago Moore's Law was in effect. We've become accustomed to "it'll be so cheap in 20 years" because, from 1947 to 2010, transistors dropped in price by a factor of two every 2 years, while getting faster starting in 1975 due to Dennard scaling. Roughly, for ten thousand transistors or so, the prices (in inflation-adjusted US dollars) and response times varied very roughly as follows: 1950: $1'048'576 (1…

20 years is a long time to work some stuff out though. I think it’s a bill gates quote (badly paraphrased probably) - “people overestimate what can be achieved in a year and underestimate why can be done in a decade.” So 2 decades ought to be something well outside our current expectations. I hope it will be at least!

Imagine being in 1925 and predicting what the future would be like in 1945, now that the Great War was over so that nobody would even think of starting another major war. You might predict cities built almost entirely underground with kilometer-high skyscrapers http://www.popsci.com/archive-viewer?id=YScDAAAAMBAJ&pg=40 https://futurelapse.blogspot.com/2015/05/underground-living-... since skyscrapers had been rising dramatically in height. Pneumatic tube systems would probably make most deliveries https://www.fastcompany.com/3049647/what-the-city-of-the-fut... since they were already in service in large cities, and it was clear that cities would get denser and denser. Since Television was already being demonstrated, you might imagine doctors diagnosing patients over the radio waves https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/telemedicine-predicte... using Vidicon tubes that made the house calls for them, along with a Teledactyl that transmitted haptic information to allow doctors to feel the patients; moreover, you could watch theatrical performances from far away. Maybe you'd predict that in 20 years abstract art would be even more influential than it was in 1925, and that the US might institute some kind of social security scheme, and perhaps many more cities would have subways, and maybe more utilities would be publicly owned rather than operated for profit. Given the growth of Communist movements in the 1920s, you might predict they would expand further. Maybe you'd predict that future musical instruments would be electric.

Some of that sort of happened, though mostly later (the electric guitar dates from 1932). But think about what you'd be missing: atomic energy (the Cockcroft–Walton generator wouldn't split the lithium atom until 1932(?)). Manchukuo and the rest of World War II. Alcoholics Anonymous. Mechanical refrigerators. Widespread washing machines and consequently women's liberation. The Little Prince. The jake walk. The Long March and Communist China. Looney Tunes. Airlines. Mass nonviolent civil disobedience. Independent India. The end of the British Empire. Comic books (outside Japan). Neoprene and nylon. The end of dirigibles. Vaginoplasty. The Hoover Dam and the Tennessee Valley Authority. Bugs Bunny. Computers and the theory of computable functions, and the death of Hilbert's decidability program. Universal censorship of mass-market films in the US under the Hays Code. Liquid-fueled rockets and ballistic and cruise missiles. The discovery of the Lascaux cave paintings. The discovery that the universe was less than 20 billion years old. The Moonies. The Great Depression. Perón. Merchandising agreements for children's characters such as Pooh. Radar. Antibiotics. Nineteen Eighty-Four. The end of the gold standard after 2500 years. Pluto. Maybe even talkies — you might have predicted in 1925 that talkies would become a mass phenomenon, but it might have been unimaginable that they would entirely displace silent film.

Maybe you would have predicted one or two of these. But nobody imagined very many of them.

So, what are the major developments you're missing over the next 20 years, which will change the world into which AI-powered hand dryers could potentially be born?

Re: Apollo 11 Guidance Computer vs. USB-C Chargers

#107

I note that the Google charger has much lower specs than the others. This is what I would expect from them. I worked for a company that was excited about getting them as a customer for our data processing services. We thought (at least I assume management had high hopes) "wow, Google, they must have tons of data and they will pay us tons of money to deal with it". Nope, they optimized and filtered it to the point whe…

What do you know, a data company that knows how to deal with data when it counts.

Re: Apollo 11 Guidance Computer vs. USB-C Chargers

#108

Yes, and the firmware for the USB-C wasn't sewn by hand into the plug (core rope memory). They did this for reliability purposes. It's amazing the craftsmanship that went into much of that rocket by people of all walks of life. http://www.righto.com/2019/07/software-woven-into-wire-core-... Here's another great article on the hand-welds on the F1. In only a short amount of time we've outsourced so much of these produ…

There is a scene in From Here to the Moon that takes place after the deaths of the Apollo 1 crew. Frank Borman is testifying before a congressional panel and, in talking about Ed White, he said "At the plant, Ed saw a group of men off to the side so he went over to talk to them, which never happens. It turned out, they were the men who made the tools that build the spacecraft that will take us to the moon". It wasn't just the scientists, engineers, and technicians. Everyone who had a role in the program felt a sense of responsibility and pride in what they did to take these astronauts to the moon and bring them back. It was an amazing time, considering all that was happening at the same time. I feel very fortunate to have been able to witness the whole thing as a kid.

Re: Apollo 11 Guidance Computer vs. USB-C Chargers

#109
One of the most important things that is left out of most computing narratives is that the early space programs had a tremendous amount of stuff pre-computed, i.e. cached and memoized through the hard work of mathematicians and physicists back on Earth. It is not like these days we don't have to run those numbers, just that our computers taken over most of what used to be done by hand. Noting the amount of human computing manpower taken in conjunction with the guidance system would give a much clearer picture.

Re: Apollo 11 Guidance Computer vs. USB-C Chargers

#110

Earlier quoted context omitted.

When your charger becomes self-aware because someone put a TPU in it by accident...

While I highly doubt it will become self-aware, but I almost surely expect it to send metric of power usage to Google.

Perhaps connect to your wireless network and snoop traffic.
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