Earlier quoted context omitted.
This is a caucus not a primary. From what I understand there are no ballots at all - you physically walk around the room until you find the group you want to support, if your group is large enough to choose delegates (generally there are more slots than people to fill them) to the next convention. The delegates are in theory (in practice it is different) not required to vote for you, so when your group chooses people…
Once everything has been decided, an iron clad paper trail IS produced. There’s nothing anonymous about the results document and it is signed in front of witnesses. AIUI, the paper doc isn’t discarded until after the party convention.
Theoretically a group can win delegates in a caucus with just an issue not a candidate - for example you can all agree that the most important issue is Oranges (a fruit that doesn't grow in Iowa...) and get a delegate without committing to a president. Of course in practice most people show up only for the president poll and leave as soon as that is over.