Earlier quoted context omitted.
Not orchestrated, but happily tolerated. All Google needs is to be able to plausibly deny complicity, but the other practices of Google (such as not offering warrant canaries on all Google accounts) indicate that Google is eager to cooperate and please governments, so it would have been easy to leave a few doors unlocked, hire a plant (with solid itsec skills), etc.
I was at Google at the time of the Snowden disclosures. People there were furious , and encrypting internal traffic became a top priority immediately afterwards.
My point is that all indications point to Google being unbelievably cooperative with the US Government, essentially allowing whatever legal or extralegal (per Snowden) back doors were requested.
It is not much of a leap to conclude that Google was both aware and cooperative with the harvesting of unencrypted traffic. This does not mean that all employees were aware of it.
The analysis should be to discover how few employees would have had to be complicit for the attack to be carried out successfully.
There is no way that such an attack would succeed if too many were aware, since it is obviously in the extralegal (Snowden revelation) category, and since most Google employees are ethical humans, it would have provoked outrage if widely known.