Earlier quoted context omitted.
Can you explain why you think it's a convoluted mess?
If you read the Wikipedia article ( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightning_Network ) it highlights it quite well under "commitment transactions." It takes something that is, in human terms, relatively simple and makes it so convoluted that it's hard to even follow.
I read the Lightning paper and found it simple enough to understand (conceptually at least) how the channels are opened, updated, closed, and penalized. Of course the actual implementation is a more complicated and nuanced than what the paper covers.