In San Francisco, vault lights are mostly used to illuminate sub-sidewalk basements — ie. basements that extend under the sidewalk.
How does this work, legally? Where I live, sidewalks are property of the city (or the HOA, in some cases), and I'd presume the same in SF. Does the title of the sidewalk-adjacent property allow you to excavate N feet beyond the property line? Or is the sidewalk instead a publicly-managed easement on your own property? Who pays for installation and maintenance of the vault lights? How does coordination of engineering/construction of the sidewalk-basement boundary work?