Earlier quoted context omitted.
So, your suggestion is that the US consumer has to pay a "tacked-on fee" when they purchase a recyclable product. That fee, presumably, is held by the US government. In other words, it's a sales tax. When the consumer wants to get rid of the product, they can just throw it out and send it to a landfill. If they do, the fee is kept by the government. Or, the consumer can get the product to a recycling company, somehow…
Everything you mentioned as possible public policy is done for the benefit of the environment and the people who live in it, not shortsighted consumers. You’re not paying for it because it’s good for you, but because it harms others.
GP makes a very valid point, and I don't know why they are being downvoted. It's basic game theory.
Maybe if the fee was given back to the consumer or split between them it might work. Like how bottle deposits used to work.