They calculated the costs based on 3 years running at the hourly rate. That's kinda weird. How about including multi-year discounts? These are available to everyone. [1] https://azure.microsoft.com/en-ca/pricing/reserved-vm-instan... [2] https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/pricing/reserved-instances/ [3] https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/instances/signing-up-c...
Not really.
On-demand capacity is (a) what the cloud is known for and (b) a reasonable common denominator.
Reservations get a lot more complicated with policies around usage accounting and transferring and selling them.
Obviously there is a lot more available than hourly VPS (reserved, interruptable), but that's a decent benchmark to start with.