Drugs that tamp down inflammation in the brain could slow cognitive decline
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Re: Drugs that tamp down inflammation in the brain could slow cognitive decline
#2Inflammation in all parts of the body seem to be problematic and the source of all kinds of disease and other sorts of deficiencies. What sorts of studies and preventative treatments are leading this field?
Re: Drugs that tamp down inflammation in the brain could slow cognitive decline
#3Aside from the drugs mentioned, read "Why We Sleep" by Matthew Walker and all the natural hormonal drugs that happen when one consistently sleeps.
Re: Drugs that tamp down inflammation in the brain could slow cognitive decline
#4Inflammation in all parts of the body seem to be problematic and the source of all kinds of disease and other sorts of deficiencies. What sorts of studies and preventative treatments are leading this field?
From all my readings, some natural preventative strategies seem to be: not eating sugar or long chain complex carbohydrates and sleeping consistently a full night of sleep (removing alcohol or caffeine cited multiple times seems to help).
Re: Drugs that tamp down inflammation in the brain could slow cognitive decline
#5From the perspective of a non-biologist reader only seeing popular articles, the past ten years have been completely bewildering. Nutrition has seemingly been boiled down to a couple of magic totems that are always simplistically either good or bad.
Antioxidants are good.
Inflammation is bad.
Telomeres are good.
Carbs are bad.
All the "bad" things get associated with each other and anti-associated with the good things. Carbs have less antioxidants, which prevent inflammation, which shortens telomeres. Everything is associated in a completely mysterious way to "the gut". Carbs are bad. Why? The gut. We read this in more words and nod sagely. It gives me the feeling of reading a children's picture book.
Biology isn't supposed to be this simple. If inflammation were always bad, our bodies wouldn't have evolved to do it. I'm not saying the science is wrong, I'm sure it's well thought out, but something is getting severely oversimplified in the leap to popular articles, to the point that I don't trust any nutrition advice based on the pop science. Does anybody know of a better source?
Re: Drugs that tamp down inflammation in the brain could slow cognitive decline
#6Alternatively, you can quite dramatically reduce inflammation in the brain via some simple lifestyle modifications (cutting out sugar, intermittent fasting):
Mattson, Mark P., Keelin Moehl, Nathaniel Ghena, Maggie Schmaedick, and Aiwu Cheng. “Intermittent Metabolic Switching, Neuroplasticity and Brain Health.” Nature Reviews. Neuroscience 19, no. 2 (February 2018): 63–80. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn.2017.156.
Pinto, Alessandro, Alessio Bonucci, Elisa Maggi, Mariangela Corsi, and Rita Businaro. “Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Ketogenic Diet: New Perspectives for Neuroprotection in Alzheimer’s Disease.” Antioxidants 7, no. 5 (April 28, 2018). https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox7050063.
Gao, Yuanqing, Maximilian Bielohuby, Thomas Fleming, Gernot F. Grabner, Ewout Foppen, Wagner Bernhard, Mara Guzmán-Ruiz, et al. “Dietary Sugars, Not Lipids, Drive Hypothalamic Inflammation.” Molecular Metabolism 6, no. 8 (June 20, 2017): 897–908. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmet.2017.06.008.
White, Hayden, Karthik Venkatesh, and Bala Venkatesh. “Systematic Review of the Use of Ketones in the Management of Acute and Chronic Neurological Disorders.” Journal of Neurology and Neuroscience 08, no. 02 (2017). https://doi.org/10.21767/2171-6625.1000188.
Alirezaei, Mehrdad, Christopher C. Kemball, Claudia T. Flynn, Malcolm R. Wood, J. Lindsay Whitton, and William B. Kiosses. “Short-Term Fasting Induces Profound Neuronal Autophagy.” Autophagy 6, no. 6 (August 16, 2010): 702–10. https://doi.org/10.4161/auto.6.6.12376.
Mattson, Mark P. “Energy Intake, Meal Frequency, and Health: A Neurobiological Perspective.” Annual Review of Nutrition 25 (2005): 237–60. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nutr.25.050304.092526.
This incidentally also reduces system-wide inflammation among other benefits as well:
Houtman, Judith, Kiara Freitag, Niclas Gimber, Jan Schmoranzer, Frank L. Heppner, and Marina Jendrach. “Beclin1‐driven Autophagy Modulates the Inflammatory Response of Microglia via NLRP3.” The EMBO Journal, January 7, 2019, e99430. https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.201899430.
Camell, Christina, Emily Goldberg, and Vishwa Deep Dixit. “Regulation of Nlrp3 Inflammasome by Dietary Metabolites.” Seminars in Immunology 27, no. 5 (September 2015): 334–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smim.2015.10.004.
Yamanashi, Takehiko, Masaaki Iwata, Naho Kamiya, Kyohei Tsunetomi, Naofumi Kajitani, Nodoka Wada, Takahiro Iitsuka, et al. “Beta-Hydroxybutyrate, an Endogenic NLRP3 Inflammasome Inhibitor, Attenuates Stress-Induced Behavioral and Inflammatory Responses.” Scientific Reports 7, no. 1 (August 9, 2017): 7677. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-08055-1.
Youm, Yun-Hee, Kim Y. Nguyen, Ryan W. Grant, Emily L. Goldberg, Monica Bodogai, Dongin Kim, Dominic D’Agostino, et al. “Ketone Body β-Hydroxybutyrate Blocks the NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Inflammatory Disease.” Nature Medicine 21, no. 3 (March 2015): 263–69. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.3804.
Marín‐Aguilar, Fabiola, Ana V. Lechuga‐Vieco, Elísabet Alcocer‐Gómez, Beatriz Castejón‐Vega, Javier Lucas, Carlos Garrido, Alejandro Peralta‐Garcia, et al. “NLRP3 Inflammasome Suppression Improves Longevity and Prevents Cardiac Aging in Male Mice.” Aging Cell 0, no. 0 (n.d.): e13050. https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.13050.
Xiao, Yichen, Wenna Xu, and Wenru Su. “NLRP3 Inflammasome: A Likely Target for the Treatment of Allergic Diseases.” Clinical and Experimental Allergy: Journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology 48, no. 9 (2018): 1080–91. https://doi.org/10.1111/cea.13190.
Bugyei-Twum, Antoinette, Armin Abadeh, Kerri Thai, Yanling Zhang, Melissa Mitchell, Golam Kabir, and Kim A. Connelly. “Suppression of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation Ameliorates Chronic Kidney Disease-Induced Cardiac Fibrosis and Diastolic Dysfunction.” Scientific Reports 6 (December 21, 2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep39551.
Re: Drugs that tamp down inflammation in the brain could slow cognitive decline
#7From the perspective of a non-biologist reader only seeing popular articles, the past ten years have been completely bewildering. Nutrition has seemingly been boiled down to a couple of magic totems that are always simplistically either good or bad. Antioxidants are good. Inflammation is bad. Telomeres are good. Carbs are bad. All the "bad" things get associated with each other and anti-associated with the good thing…
> Biology isn't supposed to be this simple.
I don't this new understanding implies biology is simple, but it looks like we had previously understood the urban, Western diet's consumption levels of sugar and simple carbs as "normal" when in reality it wreaks havoc in seemingly everyone's system.
We now have enough data to think critically about our diet so it's almost like Nutrition is a whole new field of study that is being discovered.
Re: Drugs that tamp down inflammation in the brain could slow cognitive decline
#8Aside from the drugs mentioned, read "Why We Sleep" by Matthew Walker and all the natural hormonal drugs that happen when one consistently sleeps.
Matthew Walker's "Why We Sleep" Is Riddled with Scientific and Factual Errors https://guzey.com/books/why-we-sleep/
Re: Drugs that tamp down inflammation in the brain could slow cognitive decline
#9From the perspective of a non-biologist reader only seeing popular articles, the past ten years have been completely bewildering. Nutrition has seemingly been boiled down to a couple of magic totems that are always simplistically either good or bad. Antioxidants are good. Inflammation is bad. Telomeres are good. Carbs are bad. All the "bad" things get associated with each other and anti-associated with the good thing…
Carbs aren’t bad and protein isn’t some miracle. First I’ve heard of proteins being a source of antioxidants if carbs can’t be their source. Really colorful things like the skin of blueberries tend to be the highest sources of antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals. Also is there some dietary source of telomeres? Slightly sarcastic there...
“How not to die” really combined a lot of knowledge, including dietary knowledge, into one place. Netflix’s “the game changers” was cool, too.
I spend/spent a lot of time on nutritional information sites like the SELF or nutritional value org site. I research ingredients and recipes that way to make dietary choices. It’s the pretty “boring”, uncontested data in the dietary mine field.
General trends include Whole foods tend to have the highest concentrations of nutrients per calorie. Stay away from processed foods like white sugar, white flour, etc.
Re: Drugs that tamp down inflammation in the brain could slow cognitive decline
#10From the perspective of a non-biologist reader only seeing popular articles, the past ten years have been completely bewildering. Nutrition has seemingly been boiled down to a couple of magic totems that are always simplistically either good or bad. Antioxidants are good. Inflammation is bad. Telomeres are good. Carbs are bad. All the "bad" things get associated with each other and anti-associated with the good thing…
There's a huge difference between the acute inflammatory response (obviously good and necessary for life) and chronic inflammation (very bad).
The biology is hideously complex and not well understood. This past year I've gone through thousands of paper and feel like I'm just getting a real handle on how little is known. Mechanisms (not to mention downstream effects) for some of the most widely and commonly used medications are practically medical mysteries and new metabolic pathways are discovered basically daily.
Luckily almost all of the peer-reviewed primary literature is indexed on PubMed, and you can use ResearchGate, Altmetric, etc to help prioritize your research. Once you start reading you'll see that there's tons of conflict and disagreement.
If you're looking for something a step up from pop journalism (which is terribad), you can start with sites like Examine or Health Line which at least give proper citations, but in the end, I suspect you're just going to need to do your own spelunking and come to your own conclusions because the quality of life-sciences research is quite frankly... uneven at best. Nutritional research is particularly bad.
Chronic inflammation is definitely turning out to be a topic of great interest lately. Here's some starting points (you can follow the citation chain if you actually care):
Pahwa, Roma, and Ishwarlal Jialal. “Chronic Inflammation.” In StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, 2019. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK493173/.
Lawrence, Toby, and Derek W Gilroy. “Chronic Inflammation: A Failure of Resolution?” International Journal of Experimental Pathology 88, no. 2 (April 2007): 85–94. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2613.2006.00507.x.
Freire, Marcelo O., and Thomas E. Van Dyke. “Natural Resolution of Inflammation.” Periodontology 2000 63, no. 1 (October 2013): 149–64. https://doi.org/10.1111/prd.12034.
Hunter, Philip. “The Inflammation Theory of Disease.” EMBO Reports 13, no. 11 (November 2012): 968–70. https://doi.org/10.1038/embor.2012.142.
Straub, Rainer H., and Carsten Schradin. “Chronic Inflammatory Systemic Diseases.” Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health 2016, no. 1 (January 27, 2016): 37–51. https://doi.org/10.1093/emph/eow001.
Murakami, Masaaki, and Toshio Hirano. “The Molecular Mechanisms of Chronic Inflammation Development.” Frontiers in Immunology 3 (November 15, 2012). https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2012.00323.
Minihane, Anne M., Sophie Vinoy, Wendy R. Russell, Athanasia Baka, Helen M. Roche, Kieran M. Tuohy, Jessica L. Teeling, et al. “Low-Grade Inflammation, Diet Composition and Health: Current Research Evidence and Its Translation.” The British Journal of Nutrition 114, no. 7 (October 14, 2015): 999–1012. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114515002093.