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Even 50-year-old climate models correctly predicted global warming

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Re: Even 50-year-old climate models correctly predicted global warming

#221
post #119

Earlier quoted context omitted.

So, you dismiss this work based on your speculation on what the authors could in principle have done wrong? There would actually be substance to your comment if you could point us to the models the authors didn't consider.

Indeed, the authors (I am one of them) would appreciate this. I'll personally add any extra papers you find to the plots. If it turns out we really left out some important papers, we (or at least I) will publish a revision to the paper.

I would very much like to hear your opinion on the perspective I am (unsuccessfully) trying to draw attention to via my comments in this thread. I believe this, and things like it, are far more important than people are willing to consider.

Re: Even 50-year-old climate models correctly predicted global warming

#222

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Whether or not China emitted lots of CO2 doesn't matter here. The old studies didn't predict how much CO2 the world would emit. They predicted how much the planet would warm, for various amounts of CO2 emissions. It turned out they were correct about that. Among the models this study looked at was Hansen's. That's the NASA scientist who testified about global warming to Congress in 1988. It'd be quite a coincidence i…

Your comment doesn't match what the paper actually says[1]. Your claim that "The old studies didn't predict how much CO2 the world would emit" is directly contradicted on the first page. The paper begins by pointing out that "model projections rely on...accurate assumptions around future emissions of CO2" . In fact, one of the criteria the authors used for choosing a model to include was that it came with a time-seri…

All that says (in your second paragraph) is that if you're going to predict the actual temperature, you need an accurate CO2 prediction, which of course is true.

But here is Hansen's original 1988 paper: https://pubs.giss.nasa.gov/abs/ha02700w.html

From the abstract: "We make a 100-year control run and perform experiments for three scenarios of atmospheric composition. These experiments begin in 1958 and include measured or estimated changes in atmospheric CO2, CH4, H2O, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and stratospheric aerosols for the period from 1958 to the present. Scenario A assumes continued exponential trace gas growth, scenario B assumes a reduced linear linear growth of trace gases, and scenario C assumes a rapid curtailment of trace gas emissions such that the net climate forcing ceases to increase after the year 2000."

Note the word "assumes." There's no attempt to really model what humanity would choose to emit. None of these assumptions exactly match what happened with CO2 and other greenhouse gases, so of course none of them exactly match the temperature either. But adjusted for actual greenhouse emissions, they come remarkably close.

Were they completely accurate in that way? Certainly not. People knew a lot less back then. It took a while to nail down things like the effect of water vapor, which is a greenhouse gas but also makes clouds that reflect sunlight away. But they were close enough to make good policy decisions, and if we'd paid attention, we'd be much better off today.

Incidentally, the case for global warming doesn't depend on models. There have been warming events before, and there's enough evidence in geological history to tell us what's going to happen. Hansen's book has details.

Re: Even 50-year-old climate models correctly predicted global warming

#223

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Your comment doesn't match what the paper actually says[1]. Your claim that "The old studies didn't predict how much CO2 the world would emit" is directly contradicted on the first page. The paper begins by pointing out that "model projections rely on...accurate assumptions around future emissions of CO2" . In fact, one of the criteria the authors used for choosing a model to include was that it came with a time-seri…

All that says (in your second paragraph) is that if you're going to predict the actual temperature, you need an accurate CO2 prediction, which of course is true. But here is Hansen's original 1988 paper: https://pubs.giss.nasa.gov/abs/ha02700w.html From the abstract: "We make a 100-year control run and perform experiments for three scenarios of atmospheric composition. These experiments begin in 1958 and include meas…

> But adjusted for the actual CO2 emissions, they come remarkably close.

Take a look at the table I mentioned (line 326), in particular "ΔT / ΔF skill". That's the change in temperature over the change in forcing (ie, CO2 etc). Hausfather et al call it "implied TCR". In (overly) simple terms, it's the predicted increase in temperature per unit of CO2 emitted.

Look at the numbers: 0.51, 0.41, 0.63, 0.42, 0.83, etc. The best is 0.87. The average was 0.69.

The authors attempted to adjust for actual CO2 emissions and found that, after the correction, the models were predicting 40%-90% of the observations, with an average score around 70%.

Is that "remarkably close"?

Well, we might disagree about the meaning of that term. But there's another observation that we should agree on. Note what the authors say after that table:

> The average of the median skill scores across all the model projections evaluated is 0.69 for the temperature vs time metric.

> Using the implied TCR metric, the average projection skill of the models was also 0.69.

In other words, the models are, on average, as accurate with or without the correction. Adjusting for actual greenhouse emissions doesn't make the models more accurate (nor less).

Re: Even 50-year-old climate models correctly predicted global warming

#224
post #176

I’m confused as hell to be honest. A few years ago they said there was a global warming pause.[1]. They seemed so sure it was happening that Nature devoted a whole issue to it. Then they came back and said “actually it never happened”.[2] Shouldn’t it be pretty straightforward to tell whether there was warming or not? [1] https://www.nature.com/collections/sthnxgntvp [2] https://insideclimatenews.org/news/18122018/gl…

Most scientists didn’t think much of the idea of a pause, but skeptics started beating the drum so consistently and loudly after a few years after 2001 that the media began asking the question pretty consistently, and the climate science community had to spend time answering the question. There was never some broadly held idea that warming dynamics had paused.

This is exactly the sort of position that manufactures new climate change skeptics.

If there can be disagreement over something as basic as "are temperatures actually going up", then that throws all of climatology into doubt. Global temperature is the question that motivates this field, yet you're arguing here that whether it was going up or stable was merely an "idea" rather than a matter of measuring physical reality. It is absurd that such a basic question is actually a matter of dispute at this point: reading thermometers and averaging them just isn't that difficult compared to what other scientific fields routinely accomplish.

There's also an interesting social viewpoint on display: you claim the "climate science community" is a completely separate group from "skeptics" and they only "had" to spend time answering the "question" of a pause due to "beating the drum".

Are there no climate scientists skeptical of beliefs in their own field, like there are in every other field of science? If not, why not? Why are people asking obvious questions like "why does it seem temperatures stopped rising" seen as nuisance outsiders rather than fellow scientists seeking the truth? From an outsider's perspective this looks a lot like groupthink.

There was never some broadly held idea that warming dynamics had paused.

This is not true, as refurb already showed. To spell it out, his [2] link starts by saying: "The United Nations panel of climate science experts mentioned it in a 2013 report, scientists have published more than 200 papers analyzing it, and climate deniers said it was proof that climate change didn't exist, but in reality the global warming pause or hiatus never occurred."

Over 200 papers published analysing a pause is clear evidence that this was a broadly held idea.

There seems to be a problematic tendency in climatology to try and retroactively rewrite history. Prior disputes or false predictions are recast as "scientists didn't actually believe that" or "scientists weren't actually wrong after all" using dubious, Orwellian style practices. Even temperature records themselves are constantly being rewritten: basic questions like "what was the temperature on date X at location Y" had different answers in the past to what they do now.

As another example, elsewhere in this thread [1] the author of the paper we're discussing claims he couldn't find any papers that predicted global cooling. Predictions of a new ice age were widely covered in the media and discussed in the literature in the 1970s. There were global conferences and scientific summits held about it. Embarrassingly, some random Hacker News commentator was able to produce a list of six such papers within an hour of that post being made.

What is wrong with climatology? Other fields like physics or medicine don't have problems dealing with their past history of wrong experiments, theories or measurements.

[1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=21709263

Re: Even 50-year-old climate models correctly predicted global warming

#225

Earlier quoted context omitted.

All that says (in your second paragraph) is that if you're going to predict the actual temperature, you need an accurate CO2 prediction, which of course is true. But here is Hansen's original 1988 paper: https://pubs.giss.nasa.gov/abs/ha02700w.html From the abstract: "We make a 100-year control run and perform experiments for three scenarios of atmospheric composition. These experiments begin in 1958 and include meas…

> But adjusted for the actual CO2 emissions, they come remarkably close. Take a look at the table I mentioned (line 326), in particular "ΔT / ΔF skill". That's the change in temperature over the change in forcing (ie, CO2 etc). Hausfather et al call it "implied TCR". In (overly) simple terms, it's the predicted increase in temperature per unit of CO2 emitted. Look at the numbers: 0.51, 0.41, 0.63, 0.42, 0.83, etc. Th…

I would say it was close enough to drive good policy decisions. It's unfortunate that it didn't.

Re: Even 50-year-old climate models correctly predicted global warming

#226

Earlier quoted context omitted.

But we don't know how those 17 were chosen in the first place. There would be survivorship bias if models which match observations get more attention. With that being said, I doubt that survivorship bias is strong enough to explain their combined result of 10/17 models being significant.

Since one of authors posted the paper, we do know: > “ We conducted a literature search to identify papers published prior to the early-1990s that include climate model outputs containing both a time-series of projected future GMST (with a minimum of two points in time) and future forcings (including both a publication date and future projected atmospheric CO2 concentrations, at a minimum). Eleven papers with fourtee…

> Eleven papers with fourteen distinct projections were identified that fit these criteria.

This brings to mind the old joke: "I used to smoke weed. I still do, but I used to, too."

Specifically, the phrase "were identified that fit these criteria" sets off my skepticism spider senses. Kind of like the popular "97% of scientists..." meme, that doesn't quite hold water when you dig under the covers.

To be clear, I'm not saying deceit is taking place, I am simply saying that I am skeptical.

I wasn't able to find any details on the specifics of the literature search, such that the search could be reproduced. Any idea if that was included in the study and I somehow overlooked it?

Re: Even 50-year-old climate models correctly predicted global warming

#227

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Thirded. The posting of climate-related stories on HN brings out a lot of un-informed skepticism. The resulting back-and-forth tends to crowd out everything else. In many of these cases, it's clear that the commenters have done no background reading, and have no climate science background. Their comments thus consist of simple armchair speculation (your "lowest of the low-hanging fruit"). In these comments, I have fo…

Serious question: based on what I've written, do you believe I am one of the people you describe?

Your comment is an example of the "middlebrow dismissal" [1] and overdone and uninformed skepticism that is prevalent on HN climate threads.

There's no indication that the authors are cherry-picking their models but the comments above are assuming this (without reading the original paper to get a sense of the care of the analysis). It's really easy to find supposed gotchas in this way - basically any analytic step can be questioned.

If you live in the Bay Area, AGU is next week at Moscone Center. It's the biggest one-stop-shop in the world for geoscience research. Maybe it's worth paying a one-day admission fee to see some of this in person?

[1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=5072224

Re: Even 50-year-old climate models correctly predicted global warming

#228
post #130

Earlier quoted context omitted.

... but if you think, "hey, so the models could be wrong, how reassuring", think again. It's just as likely that reality is worse than predicted.

> It's just as likely that reality is worse than predicted. This cannot possibly be correct; it's the same reasoning as the argument "Either the sun will rise tomorrow or it won't. These two possibilities exhaust the entire space. Therefore, the odds of the sun rising tomorrow are 50%, one in two." The premises are completely correct -- and unrelated to the conclusion.

It isn't the same reasoning at all. Our prior for what could possibly happen should be informed by what has happened before, and we know to the best of what geology can tell us, that many mass extinctions on earth were caused by CO2 mediated warming, including the one that wiped out 95% of all species at the end of the Permian. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/07/science/climate-change-ma...

Re: Even 50-year-old climate models correctly predicted global warming

#229
post #212

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Most scientists didn’t think much of the idea of a pause, but skeptics started beating the drum so consistently and loudly after a few years after 2001 that the media began asking the question pretty consistently, and the climate science community had to spend time answering the question. There was never some broadly held idea that warming dynamics had paused.

My link has dozens of papers that claim to explain the pause. It wasn’t we think there is a pause, they are already explaining why there was one. I’d say a full issue Nature dedicated to exploring why there was a pause, suggests it was a broadly held idea. That said, if there was no consensus, why is that? Why do some scientists believe there was a pause, while others disagree? Isn’t figuring out whether warning was…

> Isn’t figuring out whether warning was happening pretty straightforward?

Not exactly. There are two ways that it can be ambiguous:

1. We don't measure the entire earth to measure its temperature, and combining the sensor readings from various sources to get a calibrated total energy content can be difficult.

2. It is difficult to take a time series, and with a short history, decide whether something is a significant deviation from the trend or just random variation. Humans instinctively underestimate how often a random sequence of coin flips will have consecutive strings of heads of a given length, and the same tendency causes us to see a "pause" as a deviation from the trend, when it's really just random variation causing a bunch of consecutive heads.

Re: Even 50-year-old climate models correctly predicted global warming

#230

Earlier quoted context omitted.

China is the largest green energy producer in the world, doubling the output of the U.S.

Chyeah sure bro. Ever actually been there? https://www.google.com/search?q=china+smog&source=lnms&tbm=i...

Yes, I have. Have you?

Also: https://www.google.com/search?q=China+is+the+largest+green+e...

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