> But we’ve also mostly been doing it wrong, trying to explain the brain using methods that couldn’t possibly generate insight about the things we care about. Wow, it must suck to work in neuroscience and find out that your entire field is pointless because this guy says so.
This comment is inflammatory, how is it at the top? Statements saying we're doing it wrong are either revolutionary or misinformed, and I don't see that it's obvious either way
Neural Annealing: Toward a Neural Theory of Everything
31–40 of 53 posts
Re: Neural Annealing: Toward a Neural Theory of Everything
#32Earlier quoted context omitted.
To see the difference between science and philosophy, compare this article to a reputable scientific paper. You will see that science includes a testable hypothesis, experiments and/or analysis, and conclusions derived from the data. This essay contains none of that.
Philosophy encompasses science. Testable hypothesis are a philosophical idea, justified on philosophical grounds. You can't justify the very idea of "testable hypothesis and experiments" by using testable hypothesis and experiments. There is a branch of philosophy devoted to this type of question, called "philosophy of science". One very famous philosopher of science, Karl Popper, gave us the idea that for something…
Re: Neural Annealing: Toward a Neural Theory of Everything
#33To hold a concept of certain complexity within the brain the brain itself must have greater complexity than the concept. Thus humans can never understand the brain because the brain has equal complexity to itself and for the brain to understand the brain then it must have greater complexity than itself which is impossible. Like many other things in life, we can only hope to understand a simplified and symbolic repres…
Why do people still flock around this argument sometimes, it is so easy to debunk: we already have and are building machines (let's say a complete vechicle, a Tesla Model S) that are already too complex for any individual human to understand all the processes of. There might be engineers who exactly know how a steering works, how the cpu is built, how the chemistry of the tire works, but there is no one who can reali…
Your statement of modularizing portions of understanding into pieces to deal with complexity is isomorphic to my statement that we can only hope to understand A representation of the brain as a simplification.
The engineers who understand steering Understand the rest of the car as a symbolic representation. The lead designer of the car understands most detailed components of the car as symbolic representations.
In short each human as individuals CAN ONLY understand the CAR/BRAIN as a symbolic simplification. This is the BEST possible outcome. What you are SAYING is the EXACT same thing I am SAYING.
The one difference is... I am taking it ONE STEP further with a speculation on the nature of intelligence.
There exists concepts in this world that are fundamental and cannot be modularized. It is a very reasonable speculation that the understanding of consciousness itself cannot be further modularized or subdivided. I am saying that in order to understand consciousness it may very well be, that we have to understand consciousness as a complex whole and this complexity may be too big for us to hold in our heads.
This IS a realistic possibility. We are already seeing the limits to this with the black box nature of the neural nets we are generating. Either way this was a speculation. You (and many others) completely misunderstanding and taking it the wrong way.
Re: Neural Annealing: Toward a Neural Theory of Everything
#34To hold a concept of certain complexity within the brain the brain itself must have greater complexity than the concept. Thus humans can never understand the brain because the brain has equal complexity to itself and for the brain to understand the brain then it must have greater complexity than itself which is impossible. Like many other things in life, we can only hope to understand a simplified and symbolic repres…
This sounds eerily similar to some of the early proofs of God. I think there may be a flaw in this line of thinking. |Thus humans can never understand the brain because the brain has equal complexity to itself and for the brain to understand the brain then it must have greater complexity than itself which is impossible. We don't need to know the entire state of the brain at any given moment to understand the mechanic…
Your statement of modularizing portions of understanding into pieces to deal with complexity is isomorphic to my statement that we can only hope to understand A representation of the brain as a simplification.
The chemists who understand molecules Understand the atom of the as a symbolic representation. The physicist understands the atom in a more detailed manner and sees the molecule as a symbolic representation.
In short each human as individuals CAN ONLY understand the BRAIN as a symbolic simplification. This is the BEST possible outcome. What you are SAYING is the EXACT same thing I am SAYING.
The one difference is... I am taking it ONE STEP further with a speculation on the nature of intelligence.
There exists concepts in this world that are fundamental and cannot be modularized. It is a very reasonable speculation that the understanding of consciousness itself cannot be further modularized or subdivided. I am saying that in order to understand consciousness it may very well be, that we have to understand consciousness as a complex whole and this complexity may be too big for us to hold in our heads.
This IS a realistic possibility. We are already seeing the limits to this with the black box nature of the neural nets we are generating. A possible future simulation of Consciousness may very well be encoded in the same blackbox that our deep fakes are also trapped in.
Either way this was a speculation. You (and many others) completely misunderstanding and taking it the wrong way.
Re: Neural Annealing: Toward a Neural Theory of Everything
#35To hold a concept of certain complexity within the brain the brain itself must have greater complexity than the concept. Thus humans can never understand the brain because the brain has equal complexity to itself and for the brain to understand the brain then it must have greater complexity than itself which is impossible. Like many other things in life, we can only hope to understand a simplified and symbolic repres…
Of course, we could use abstraction and analysis to tackle this...
Of course you completely missed the point. All I am saying is that this may not be possible. This is 100% what I am saying.
Let me give you a concrete example: A visual recognition algorithm. Currently the way we do this is with a trained neural net.
Can a large crack team of humans reproduce the logic of this neural net in a way where it isn't a black box? Perhaps we can use abstraction and subdivide the logic into modular pieces and have different teams of people handle different components....
Currently the second method is not possible. We do not have the ability to subdivide the problem into smaller units of complexity. We do not yet know how to "abstract" components of a neural net.
What I am saying is that the "abstraction" part may not ever be possible. It MAY very well be that a neural net of 1000 nodes can only be understood by understanding all 1000 nodes AT THE SAME TIME. It may very well be that you cannot find 200 nodes in the network and give it to a small team to handle and find another 300 nodes to give to another team...
Not saying it's impossible in the near or far future. I'm saying I fear it MAY be Impossible.
What is impossible is understanding all 1000 nodes at the same time. This is ALL that I am saying. Sheesh.
If consciousness is a neural net.... It may suffer from the same problem. Understand?
Leave it to the internet to read a comment and take it the wrong way.
Re: Neural Annealing: Toward a Neural Theory of Everything
#36To hold a concept of certain complexity within the brain the brain itself must have greater complexity than the concept. Thus humans can never understand the brain because the brain has equal complexity to itself and for the brain to understand the brain then it must have greater complexity than itself which is impossible. Like many other things in life, we can only hope to understand a simplified and symbolic repres…
The problem with your line of reasoning, is that you are thinking in technological progress only through individual achievement. This is what technological iterations, through generations of human beings, give us all. Humans achieve super-human level of technological achievements because we iterate over what others have left for us. Knowledge is like a stair, made from the hard work of many great human beings, and ev…
Let me give you a concrete example: A visual recognition algorithm. Currently the way we do this is with a trained neural net.
Can a large crack team of humans reproduce the logic of this neural net in a way where it isn't a black box? Perhaps we can use abstraction and subdivide the logic into modular pieces and have different teams of people handle different components....
Or perhaps we have to leave it as a blackbox learning process. Currently there is no way to subdivide the core logic of a neural net into something even A team of humans can understand. The best possible methods we have in handling this complexity is to leave it to an automated process rather than abstracting components of the problem so that humans can understand individual pieces.
I AM not saying it will be impossible for humans to ever abstract this problem into something we can understand. I am only saying it MAY be impossible to subdivide, but it is CERTAINLY impossible for a human to understand the brain as a whole.
There is the possibility that complex concepts exist in the universe that cannot be understood by breaking it apart into abstract concepts. A neural net has thousands of nodes as touch points and it is highly probable that to understand it you must understand all of the thousands nodes at the SAME TIME. This is a viable possibility.
Leave it to the internet to read a comment and take it the wrong way.
Re: Neural Annealing: Toward a Neural Theory of Everything
#37Earlier quoted context omitted.
Why do people still flock around this argument sometimes, it is so easy to debunk: we already have and are building machines (let's say a complete vechicle, a Tesla Model S) that are already too complex for any individual human to understand all the processes of. There might be engineers who exactly know how a steering works, how the cpu is built, how the chemistry of the tire works, but there is no one who can reali…
Sigh. My statement of impossibility was understanding the brain understanding the brain as a whole. This is the only part that is IMPOSSIBLE. Your statement of modularizing portions of understanding into pieces to deal with complexity is isomorphic to my statement that we can only hope to understand A representation of the brain as a simplification. The engineers who understand steering Understand the rest of the car…
> There exists concepts in this world that are fundamental and cannot be modularized.
Out of curiosity, what are some of these concepts that you have stumbled upon that you would put in this category (preferably at least somewhat related to building AI or new technology in general)? I am sure there are some but it would be interesting to see specific examples.
Re: Neural Annealing: Toward a Neural Theory of Everything
#38Earlier quoted context omitted.
Sigh. My statement of impossibility was understanding the brain understanding the brain as a whole. This is the only part that is IMPOSSIBLE. Your statement of modularizing portions of understanding into pieces to deal with complexity is isomorphic to my statement that we can only hope to understand A representation of the brain as a simplification. The engineers who understand steering Understand the rest of the car…
If you are simply saying that it is "possible" then I agree with you completely. However from everything I have learned including the neural nets (there is actually quite a lot of insights we can gain from how they work. The myth that they are a blackbox is just that - a myth. There are techniques to understand them and visualizations that explain a lot of what they do) is that your thesis is unlikely, certainly we s…
Visual recognition. Voice recognition. Language Recognition. Self driving. Music Composition. We have failed in all these areas to use modularization to simplify these problems into something we can model as a theoretical whole. We turn to neural nets not to "understand" the problem but to build systems that can solve the problem while bypassing understanding.
>I simply haven't seen anything that would indicate that it would be impossible to understand consciousness in the same practical mannter as the way we understand for example cars now
If we have that level of understanding then we should be able to modularize the problem into smaller units of complexity so that a team of people can build the solution component by component. So far for the examples I listed above we don't have that level of understanding. We could employ the same techniques used for language recognition to understand the human brain... by building a neural net.... but that kind of defeats the point right? The neural net may simulate consciousness but it doesn't exactly let you (or a team of people) understand it...
Also for your comment on the black box nature of neural nets....
I think we can both agree that the high level understanding or "insights" we gain are at best very high level. The logic of "visual recognition" is not understood by humans. We can only reproduce such logic as a blackbox. A neural net.
These "visualizations" or high level descriptions of machine learning algorithms aren't a form of true understanding... It's just a summary of a class of problems. For example voice recognition and visual recognition are two very different problems but they are both "visualized" and modeled in the exact same way. You can probably also model consciousness as a problem that consists of a multi-dimensional set of points where you need to find the best fit curve. This does not mean you understand it.
You can also probably peer into these artificial neural nets and see what components are doing what similar to how we can peer into a human brain and see which parts of a brain light up when you give it stimuli. Again, it doesn't mean you have true understanding.
This is not to discount the entire field of neurology as a whole. Clearly there are bit and pieces we can understand. I am saying the ultimate goal of understanding consciousness may be fruitless. It's a very meta concept and possibly as a result it's also very hard for you as a consciousness yourself to write the exact definition of consciousness or pinpoint exactly what it is.
Re: Neural Annealing: Toward a Neural Theory of Everything
#39Earlier quoted context omitted.
If you are simply saying that it is "possible" then I agree with you completely. However from everything I have learned including the neural nets (there is actually quite a lot of insights we can gain from how they work. The myth that they are a blackbox is just that - a myth. There are techniques to understand them and visualizations that explain a lot of what they do) is that your thesis is unlikely, certainly we s…
>Out of curiosity, what are some of these concepts that you have stumbled upon that you would put in this category (preferably at least somewhat related to building AI or new technology in general)? I am sure there are some but it would be interesting to see specific examples. Visual recognition. Voice recognition. Language Recognition. Self driving. Music Composition. We have failed in all these areas to use modular…
The net looks at the data and searches for patterns. On first layers simple patterns like contours (which is a simple mathematical function), on higher levels different kinds of dots or smaller objects (objects meaning, a spatial configuration of contours and whitespace from the previous layer), on higher levels relationship of those obects to each other, etc. etc. Pooling and convolution handle recognizing of these patterns in different parts of the image. Final layers do statistical weighing of which patterns were found in which strengths, and generate the most likely result (of in this case, a classification task).
I'm not saying it's magic, I'm not saying it is AGI, I'm not even saying it's far from pure statistics, but what part of this process is "hard to understand what the net is doing"? It is all pretty clear at this point? There are online courses the describe every step of this...
> These "visualizations" or high level descriptions of machine learning algorithms aren't a form of true understanding... It's just a summary of a class of problems
Seems like an arbitrary distinction that you have come up with. I argue that if we can make those nets, if we can control them, if we can predict them - then yes it is true understanding.
Now yes the universe is indeed a fractal and you can undersatnd any small particle in a an uncalculable number of ways and claim that your understanding is more true, more profound etc, but what is the point? I think a great cause is to create AGI, to which I still haven't seen any arguments hinting at impossibility of.
> The logic of "visual recognition" is not understood by humans. We can only reproduce such logic as a blackbox. A neural net.
I really don't understand what you are saying here unfortunately, sounds like a philosophical black hole of overintellectualizing a simple phenomenon. I would say that we understand enough to have practical ability, which is all that matters.
> It's a very meta concept and possibly as a result it's also very hard for you as a consciousness yourself to write the exact definition of consciousness or pinpoint exactly what it is.
Well sure, I agree with you there. It is already the case for many phenomenon that we can nonetheless control. What is the exact definition of a car? Of a video game? Of a tree? Of a career? Of a family? I don't think humans need exact definitions of things, they can just as well function relatively optimally without them. Not all knowledge is in logical definitions.
Re: Neural Annealing: Toward a Neural Theory of Everything
#40Earlier quoted context omitted.
>Out of curiosity, what are some of these concepts that you have stumbled upon that you would put in this category (preferably at least somewhat related to building AI or new technology in general)? I am sure there are some but it would be interesting to see specific examples. Visual recognition. Voice recognition. Language Recognition. Self driving. Music Composition. We have failed in all these areas to use modular…
So for example, what kind of understanding do you think is lacking in the visual recognition example? To me it seems that this field is quite well understood. The net looks at the data and searches for patterns. On first layers simple patterns like contours (which is a simple mathematical function), on higher levels different kinds of dots or smaller objects (objects meaning, a spatial configuration of contours and w…
If you understood visual recognition. Then you can code up the algorithm by hand, given enough time.
If the problem is too complex for you to understand then you can subdivide the problem into smaller pieces and give it to a team of people to code it.
You can't currently do either of these things. You require an algorithm to code it up for you. Therefore you don't really understand it.
>The net looks at the data and searches for patterns. On first layers simple patterns like contours (which is a simple mathematical function), on higher levels different kinds of dots or smaller objects (objects meaning, a spatial configuration of contours and whitespace from the previous layer), on higher levels relationship of those obects to each other, etc. etc. Pooling and convolution handle recognizing of these patterns in different parts of the image. Final layers do statistical weighing of which patterns were found in which strengths, and generate the most likely result (of in this case, a classification task).
I kind of got into this. Peering into the neural network doesn't mean you understand it anymore then peering into the human brain to see what parts light up given certain stimuli. If you can understand it then you can code it up in the same amount of lines of code. You obviously can't and don't understand the algorithm well enough to do this. However you're satisfied by this level of understanding which is fine, but the ultimate goal of neurology is to surpass this level of understanding and THAT is what I am addressing.
>Well sure, I agree with you there. It is already the case for many phenomenon that we can nonetheless control. What is the exact definition of a car? Of a video game? Of a tree? Of a career? Of a family? I don't think humans need exact definitions of things, they can just as well function relatively optimally without them.
Clearly there is a difference between our lack of an exact definition of a car vs the exact definition of consciousness let's not get into the semantics of the difference here suffice to say that we're both human beings and we understand there is a huge lack of understanding of what consciousness is vs what a car is.
>Not all knowledge is in logical definitions.
It is. Lack of a logical definition is an indication of lack of knowledge. Your brain clearly has an exact definition of a career given the fact that given an input you can instantly recongize whether something is a "career" or not. The reason why you can't write the exact exact definition down in words is because you lack understanding of the structure of the definition that is being held in your brain. However given all possible inputs your brain will have an output. Given all inputs you will be able to write down a full mapping between inputs and outputs... that is a formal definition of "career"... you just lack the capability/knowledge of simplifying the definition into a single logical statement and understanding what exactly it is... but an exact formal definition exists in your brain.
>I really don't understand what you are saying here unfortunately, sounds like a philosophical black hole of overintellectualizing a simple phenomenon. I would say that we understand enough to have practical ability, which is all that matters.
What's wrong with over intellectualization? Are you implying that you want less brain power applied to this problem? We need to be stupider to understand something? If you say that practical ability is enough then this argument is over because we are talking about different things. I'm not talking about practical ability I'm talking about understanding of consciousness. The ability to define it and hold the concept in your head or several heads. That's what I'm talking about and that is the ultimate philosophical goal of neurology. A brute force simulation of a neural net which is the current state of things these days is not a form of understanding. Once you understand what it is, you should be able to code it up by hand.
Sure we MAY (keyword) only be interested the practical aspects of something like voice recognition. But the question of consciousness is clearly not something we're just interested in emulating. We're interested in understanding it.
If we develop 3D printing and scanning to the point where we can reprint the entire atomic structure of things we see in reality this does not mean we understand everything at the molecular level. Practical application != actual understanding. Taking this printer and printing out a human brain doesn't help us understand it at a deeper level just like how a photocopier copying a calculus text book doesn't help us understand calculus.
Additionally your "practical" machines will always have limitations if there isn't full understanding of the phenomenon that operates underneath. Self driving cars that deliberately crash into an unrecognized object is an example of unpredictability that comes with lack of understanding.