I once had to write an integration for a "soap" web service that was... Special. Apparently it was implemented in php (judging by the url), by hand (judging by the.. "special" features) - and likely born as a refractor of a back-end for a flash app (judging by the fact that they had a flash app).
By trial and error (and with help of the extensive, if not entirely accurate, documentation) via soapui and curl - i discovered that it expected the soap xml message inside a comment inside an xml soap message (which is interesting as there are some characters that are illegal inside xml comments.. And apparently they did parse these nested messages with a real xml library, I'm guessing libxml.) I also discovered that the Api was sensitive to the order of elements in the inner xml message..
Thankfully I managed to conjure up some valid post bodies (along with the crazy replies the service provided, needed to test an entire "dialog") - and could test against these - as I had to implement half of a broken soap library on top of an xml library and raw post/get due to the quirks.
At any rate, I don't think I'd ever got that done/working if I couldn't do tests first.
Obviously the proper fix would've been to send a tactical team to hunt down the original developers and just say no to the client...