How Italians Became 'White'
nytimes.com
How Italians Became 'White'
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Re: How Italians Became 'White'
#2Re: How Italians Became 'White'
#3The big takeaway: it’s invented recently (historically) and has no objective/natural basis. Otherwise and xenophobia, of course, are more fundamental to our nature, but not “race”. It was invented, and now we have to contend with it.
Re: How Italians Became 'White'
#4It's funny how people, especially Americans, talk about race as if it were an unchanging construct. You see swathes of scientific literature classifying people into races even though the classifications are inconsistent. So you get whites and blacks and asians and... native Americans I guess? Sometimes Hispanics count as separate, sometimes they don't. Arabs were white until 9/11. As for Pacific Islanders, well they'…
It's basically a stand-in for origin/culture of origin.
"White" mostly meant "of origin/culture acceptable and familiar to anglo-saxon/germanic WASPs who came first and dominated the US".
That's also why it changed over time - as different immigrant groups like Italians were integrated more into US society.
With blacks however, it was harder. It was not just the different color, differentiating them, but also the rage fueled by the humiliation of whites that used to own them, to have to accept them as free.
If they started considering them as equals and not inferior in some way, then they'd have to feel the accompanying shame/guilt for having enslaved them and kept them down (them or afterwards, their parents and grandparents). For psychological reasons then, it was easier to keep considering them inferior.
And the fact that those blacks have been kept down for so long, made it easy for whites to find "objective" facts to prove they indeed were inferior: poverty, lack of education, lack of "white" manners, language, crime, etc. Didn't matter (and seldom occurred) that those were results and not causes...